AMĪR-AL-OMARĀʾ, literally, “commander of commanders,” hence “supreme commander,” a military title found from the early 4th/10th century onwards, first in…

ALLĀHVERDĪ KHAN (d.1022/1613), a Georgian ḡolām who rose to high office in the Safavid state. In order to counterbalance the…

ʿALĪ MĪRZĀ (d. 899/1494), eldest son of Shaikh Ḥaydar, head of the Safavid ṭarīqa, and ʿAlamšāh Begom, daughter of the…

ʿĀLAMĀRĀ-YE ʿABBĀSĪ, a Safavid chronicle written by Eskandar Beg Monšī (b. ca. 968/1560, d. ca. 1042/1632). The work, which is…

ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA ḎU’L-QADAR, early 9th/15th century ruler of Maṛʿaš and Albestān in the kingdom of Little Armenia, east of the Taurus…

AḤMAD SOLṬĀN AFŠĀR, Qizilbāš amir in the Safavid service. He is first mentioned under the orders of Amir Khan Mawṣellū,…

AḤDĀṮ, WOJŪH-E, fines collected in Safavid times by the officers of the night watch (aḥdāṯ), who were under the supervision…

ʿABBĀS I, styled “the Great,” king of Iran (996-1038/1588-1629) of the Safavid dynasty, third son and successor of Solṭān Moḥammad…

ʿABBĀS II, king of Iran (1052-77/1642-66) of the Safavid dynasty. The son of Shah Ṣafī, he was born on 18…

ʿABBĀS III, son of Shah Ṭahmāsp II, roi fainéant of the Safavid dynasty. After the deposition of his father by…