GILĀN viiia. In the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-11 Two classes featured prominently in Gilān as the driving forces of the…

KASMĀʾI, MIRZĀ ḤOSAYN (b. Kasmā, 1862; d. Kasmā, 1921), a constitutionalist active in the revolutionary movement in Gilan (1915-20), led…

JANGALI MOVEMENT (1915-20), a movement that took shape in the aftermath of the 1905-11 Constitutional Revolution, under the leadership of…