KOŠĀNIYA (or Košāni), a medieval Sogdian town to the west of Samarkand. Its name is most probably related to the…

KEŠ (Kešš, Kašš), an important ancient and medieval city, located in the upper Kaškā-daryā valley, now Shahrisabz (lit., “green town” [šahr-e…

SOGDIANA ii. Historical Geography For physical geography, see CENTRAL ASIA i; for the cities or regions within Sogdiana, see relevant…

SOGDIANA i. The Name The name of the ancient and medieval land around Samarqand, which is usually rendered in European…

KEŠ (Kešš, Kašš), an important ancient and medieval city, located in the upper Kaškā-daryā valley, now Shahrisabz (lit., “green town”…

KASHGAR (Kāšḡar; Modern Uighur Qäšqär, Chinese Kashi), a town in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region in northwestern China (lat 39°29′ N,…

KEŠ (Kešš, Kašš) an important ancient and medieval city, located in the upper Kaškā-daryā valley, now Shahrisabz (lit., “green town”…

KANGDEZ (Kangdež; erroneously Gangdež in several editions of the Šāh-nāma), lit. “Fortress of Kang,” a mythical paradise-like fortress in Iranian…

YARKAND (Yarkend; Modern Uighur Yärkänd; Chinese Shache, the same characters can also be read as Suoche), a town in Chinese…