YĀSĀ (Turkish yasaq; Mongolian jasagh “law, decree, order”), a term used of individual edicts issued by Čengiz Khan and his successors…

BĀYJŪ (BAIJU or BAIČU), Mongol general and military governor in northwestern Iran (fl. 625/1228-657/1259). He belonged to the Besüt tribe…

BANĀKATĪ, Abū Solaymān Dāwūd b. Abi’l-Fażl Moḥammad (d. 730/1329-30), poet and historian. Nothing is known of his early career, except…

BAḴŠĪ, a Buddhist lama or scholar, in particular during Mongol hegemony in Iran; subsequently, by extension, any kind of scribe…

ARPA KHAN (also Arpā Kaʾon or Gāvon, representing Mongol keʾün, “son,” in the sense of “prince of the blood”), 10th…

ARḠŪN KHAN, fourth Il-khan of Iran (r.683-90/1284-91), the elder son of Abaqa by Qaitmiš Igeči. He was born, according to Rašīd-al-dīn,…

ARḠŪN ĀQĀ (Turkish arḡun “half breed” and Mongol aqa “elder brother”), Mongol administrator in Iran (d. 673/1275). He belonged to…

AḤMAD TAKŪDĀR, third il-khan of Iran (r. 680-83/1282-84), seventh son of Hülegü (Hūlāgū), by Qūtūī Ḵātūn. The year of his…

ABŪ SAʿĪD BAHĀDOR KHAN, ʿALĀʾ-AL-DONYĀ-WA’L-DĪN, ninth Il-khan of Iran, the son and successor of Öljeitü (Ūlǰāytū). The more correct form…