No other Persian poet has enjoyed such enduring fame in Italy as has Omar Khayyam (ʿOmar Ḵayyām). Italian libraries hold…

ITALY xi. TRANSLATIONS OF PERSIAN WORKS INTO ITALIAN With a few rare exceptions, Persian literature has never been widely circulated…

ITALY xii. TRANSLATIONS OF ITALIAN WORKS INTO PERSIAN Two texts by Italian authors appear to be the first known translations…

ITALY xiii. IRANIANS IN ITALY It is difficult to speak about a true Persian community in Italy. The presence of…

ITALY vii. IRANIAN STUDIES, ISLAMIC PERIOD The earliest known references to Persia by Italian writers are gleaned from numerous notes…

ITALY ii. DIPLOMATIC AND COMMERCIAL RELATIONS A privileged relationship between Iran and Italy dates back to the age of the…

ITALY iii. CULTURAL RELATIONS Artistic influences. Italy and Persia have hardly ever had a direct and continuous cultural exchange. During…

ISARDĀS NĀGAR, or Išwar Das Nāgar (b. Patan,1066/1655; d. after 1163/1749), a Brahman of the Nāgar caste from the city…

The amount of Persian literature composed in the Indian subcontinent up to the 19th century is larger than that produced…