J. van Ess
Articles by J. van Ess
- BAḠDĀDĪ, ʿABD-AL-QĀHER
BAḠDĀDĪ, ʿABD-AL-QĀHER B. ṬĀHER ŠĀFEʿĪ TAMĪMĪ (ca. 350/961-429/1038), mathematician, Shafeʿite jurist and Asḥʿarite theologian. He was born in Baghdad, the…
- ʿAŻOD-AL-DĪN ĪJĪ
ʿAŻOD-AL-DĪN ĪJĪ, QĀŻĪ ABU’L-FAŻL ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN B. ROKN-AL-DĪN AḤMAD B. ʿABD-AL-ḠAFFĀR B. AḤMAD BAKRĪ MOṬARREZĪ ŠABĀNKĀRĪ ŠĪRĀZĪ, famous Shafeʿite jurist and…
- AZAL
AZAL, Arabic theological term derived from Pahlavi a-sar “without head” and meaning, already in early Muʿtazilite kalām, “eternity a parte…
- ʿAṬṬĀŠ
ʿAṬṬĀŠ (or EBN ʿAṬṬĀŠ), AḤMAD B. ʿABD-AL-MALEK, Ismaʿili leader during the time of Sultan Barkīāroq (Berk-yaruq, d. 498/1104) and contemporary…
- ĀRĀʾ WA’L-DĪĀNĀT
AL-ĀRĀʾ WA’L-DĪĀNĀT, doxographical work, famous especially for its information about non-Islamic religions and Greek philosophy, written by Ḥasan b. Mūsā…
- ʿAMR B. ʿOBAYD
ʿAMR B. ʿOBAYD B. BĀB, early Muʿtazilite theologian and traditionist (d. probably 144/761, in Marrān near Mecca, on his way…
- AMAL AL-ĀMEL
AMAL AL-ĀMEL FĪ ʿOLAMĀʾ JABAL ʿĀMEL, biographical dictionary of Shiʿite (Etnāʿašarī) scholars originating from the Jabal ʿĀmel in south Lebanon,…
- ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA SEMNĀNĪ
ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA SEMNĀNĪ, ROKN-AL-DĪN ABU’L-MAKĀREM AḤMAD B. ŠARAF-AL-DĪN MOḤAMMAD B. AḤMAD AL-BĪĀBĀNAKĪ (b. Ḏu’l-ḥeǰǰa, 659/November, 1261, d. 21 or 22 Raǰab…
- AḤMAD TŪNĪ
AḤMAD TŪNĪ, Karrāmī theologian who lived about 400/1010. He originated from Tūn in the region of Qohestān and founded a…
- ABŪ YAʿQŪB JORJĀNĪ
ABŪ YAʿQŪB JORJĀNĪ, disciple of Ebn Karrām (d. 255/869). He called God’s hands, His face (waǰh), etc. “bodies” (aǰsām) and…
- ABU’L-QĀSEM KAʿBĪ
ABU’L-QĀSEM AL-BALḴĪ AL-KAʿBĪ, ʿABDALLĀH B. AḤMAD B. MAḤMŪD (d. Šaʿbān, 319/February, 931), administrator and intellectual of Persian descent, Hanafite jurist…
- ABŪ MŪSĀ MORDĀR
ABŪ MŪSĀ ʿĪSĀ B. ṢOBAYḤ (or ṢABĪḤ) AL-MORDĀR, theologian and ascetic, early representative of the Baghdad branch of the Moʿtazela…
- ABU’L-MAʿĀLĪ
ABU’L-MAʿĀLĪ MOḤAMMAD B. ʿOBAYDALLĀH B. ʿALĪ, author of Bayān al-adyān, the oldest work on religions and sects written in Persian….
- ABU’L-LAYṮ SAMARQANDĪ
ABU’L-LAYṮ NAṢR B. MOḤAMMAD B. AḤMAD SAMARQANDĪ, productive Hanafite jurist, author of a Koran commentary and of popular paraenetical works;…
- ABU’L-HOḎAYL AL-ʿALLĀF
ABU’L-HOḎAYL AL-ʿALLĀF, MOḤAMMAD B. AL-HOḎAYL B. ʿOBAYDALLĀH B. MAKḤŪL AL-ʿABDĪ (ca. 135-227/752-841?), early Muʿtazilite theologian of universal reputation. He seems…
- ABŪ ESḤĀQ NAẒẒĀM
ABŪ ESḤĀQ EBRĀHĪM B. SAYYĀR B. HĀNEʾ AL-NAẒẒĀM (ca. 165-221/782-836), famous adīb and Muʿtazilite theologian. He was of lowly birth;…
- ABŪ ʿAMR AL-MĀZOLĪ
ABŪ ʿAMR AL-MĀZOLĪ, Karrāmī theologian, fl. mid-4th/mid-10th century. Most of the later branches of the Karrāmīya traced themselves back to…