AḤMAD-E JĀM, in full ŠEHĀB-AL-DĪN ABŪ NAṢR AḤMAD B. ABU’L-ḤASAN B. AḤMAD B. MOḤAMMAD NĀMAQĪ JĀMĪ, a Conservative Sufi with…

ABŪ NAṢR MANṢŪR B. MOŠKĀN, head of the Ghaznavid chancery under Maḥmūd and Masʿūd from 401/1011-12 till his death in…

FARHĀD, a romantic figure in Persian legend and literature, best known from the poetry of Neẓāmī Ganjavī (q.v.) as a…

EʿTEṢĀMĪ,MĪRZĀ YŪSOF KHAN ĀŠTĪĀNĪ, EʿTEṢĀM-AL-MOLK (b. Tabrīz, 1291/1874; d. Tehran, 12 Dey 1316 Š./2 January 1938), Persian writer and journalist….

EʿTEṢĀMĪ, PARVĪN, 20th-century female poet (b. 25 Esfand 1285 Š./16 March 1907 in Tabrīz, d. 16 Farvardīn 1320 Š./5 April…

BŪZJĀNĪ, DARWĪŠ ʿALĪ (d. after 929/1522), a Sufi scholar attached to Aḥmad-e Jām and his descendants who in the 10th/16th century…

BOSḤĀQ (Abū Esḥāq) AṬʿEMA, FAḴR-AL-DĪN ḤALLĀJ ŠĪRĀZĪ (some sources have Jamāl-al-Din: Nafīsī, Naẓm o naṯr, pp. 296-97; Ṣafā, Adabīyāt IV,…

FORŪGĪ BESṬĀMĪ (BASṬĀMĪ), ʿABBĀS, 19th-century poet (b. 1213/1798 in Karbalā; d. 1274/1857 in Tehran). Forūḡī Besṭāmī’s father, Āqā Mūsā, was…