Gerhard Böwering
- ABŪ SAʿĪD ABI’L-ḴAYR
ABŪ SAʿĪD FAŻLALLĀH B. ABI’L-ḴAYR AḤMAD MĒHANĪ (or MAYHANĪ), famous Iranian mystic, born 1 Moḥarram 357/7 December 967 at Mēhana,…
- ʿAYN-AL-QOŻĀT HAMADĀNĪ
ʿAYN-AL-QOŻĀT HAMADĀNĪ, ABU’L-MAʿĀLĪ ʿABDALLĀH B. ABĪ BAKR MOḤAMMAD MAYĀNEJĪ (492/1098-526/1131), brilliant mystic philosopher and Sufi martyr. Born at Hamadān, he…
- BAQĀʾ WA FANĀʾ
BAQĀʾ WA FANĀʾ, Sufi term signifying “subsistence and passing away.” The Sufi teaching of passing away from worldly reality and…
- ʿERFĀN (1)
ʿERFĀN (lit., knowledge), Islamic theosophy. In its generic use, the term ʿerfān as describing Islamic “theosophy,” is a broad and…
- ENSĀN-E KĀMEL
ENSĀN-EKĀMEL (The Perfect Human Being), a key idea in the philosophy and ethics of Islamic mysticism. The phrase, al-ensān al-kāmel,…
- ḎU’L-NŪN MEṢRĪ, ABU’L-FAYŻ ṮAWBĀN
ḎU’L-NŪN MEṢRĪ, ABU’L-FAYŻ ṮAWBĀN b. Ebrāhīm (b. Aḵmīm in Upper Egypt, ca. 175/791, d. Jīza [Giza], between 245 and 248/859…
- DEYLAMĪ, ŠAMS-AL-DĪN ABŪ ṮĀBET MOḤAMMAD
DEYLAMĪ, ŠAMS-AL-DĪN ABŪ ṮĀBET MOḤAMMAD b. ʿAbd-al-Malek ṬŪSĪ (d. ca. 593/1197), original though obscure Sufi author of the 12th century….
- DEYLAMĪ, ABUʾL-ḤASAN ʿALĪ
DEYLAMĪ,ABUʾL-ḤASAN ʿALĪ b. Moḥammad (fl. 10th century), an obscure yet important author on the early Persian Sufism prevalent in Fārs….
- ḎEKR
ḎEKR (lit., “remembrance”), the act of reminding oneself of God. i. In Sufism. ii. In the Babi and Bahai religions….
- ḴĀNAQĀH
ḴĀNAQĀH. In Persian ḵānaqāh, literally a ‘dwelling place,’ or a ‘place of residence,’ refers to an Islamic institution and physical…
- ČEŠTĪYA
ČEŠTĪYA, the name of an influential Sufi order in India, derived from a village east of Herat on the river…
- BESṬĀMĪ, BĀYAZĪD
BESṬĀMĪ (Basṭāmī), BĀYAZĪD (Abū Yazīd Ṭayfūr b. ʿĪsā b. Sorūšān; d. 234/848 or 261/875), early Muslim mystic of Iran. A…
- ʿALĪ HAMADĀNĪ
ʿALĪ B. ŠEHĀB-AL-DĪN B. MOḤAMMAD HAMADĀNĪ, MĪR SAYYED, surnamed ʿAlī-e Ṯānī, Šāh-e Hamadān, and Amīr-e Kabīr, major 8th/14th century Sufi…
- HOJVIRI, ABU’L-ḤASAN ʿALI
HOJVIRI, ABU’L-ḤASAN ʿALI B. ʿOṮMĀN B. ʿALI AL-ḠAZNAVI AL-JOLLĀBI, popularly known in the Indian subcontinent as Ḥażrat-e Dātā Ganjbaḵš (“bestower…
- ḠAZĀLĪ, ABŪ ḤĀMED MOḤAMMAD i
ḠAZĀLĪ, ABŪ ḤĀMED MOḤAMMAD i. BIOGRAPHY A man of Persian descent, Ḡazālī (variant name Ḡazzālī; Med. Latin form, Algazel; honorific…
- GANJ-E ŠAKAR, Farid-al-Din Masʿud
GANJ-EŠAKAR, FARĪD-AL-DĪN MASʿŪD, popularly known as Bābā Farīd, a major Shaikh of the Češtīya (q.v.) mystic order, born in the…
- FŪŠANJĪ HERAVĪ, ABU’L-ḤASAN ʿALĪ,
FŪŠANJĪ (correctly BŪŠANJĪ) HERAVĪ, ABU’L-ḤASAN ʿALĪ, b. Aḥmad b. Sahl (d. 347/958 or 348/959), an important exponent of the fetyān…