Christopher J. Brunner
- OROITES
OROITES, the Graecicized form (Oroítēs) of an Old Iranian name of unclear etymology (perhaps hypocoristic *Arv-ita- from OIr. *arva- =…
- JAPAN i. Introduction
JAPAN i. INTRODUCTION The seventh-eighth century Japanese annals depict an early ruler (tennō “emperor”) of Yamato, centered in the area…
- ABARSĒN
ABARSĒN, Middle Persian form of the Avestan name Upāiri.saēna, designating the Hindu Kush mountains (Average. iškata; Mid. Pers. kōf, gar)…
- ABDAGASES
ABDAGASES (Pkt. Avadagaṣa), “great king” of the Pahlava dynasty in Drangiana, Arachosia, Gandhāra, and perhaps loosely over the Indus region….
- ABRADATAS
ABRADATAS, a fictional king of Susa in Xenophon’s fictional, didactic life of Cyrus (Cyropaedia, books 5-7). He and his wife,…
- ABOULITES
ABOULITES, satrap of Susiana under Darius III, at the time of the Achaemenid collapse. He was perhaps an Elamite, although…
- ABRĀZ
ABRĀZ, Middle Persian “high, superior, height,” old Iranian *uparyānk- “above, high.” For the literal sense of the word, cf. Bundahišn,…
- ADRAPANA
ADRAPANA, the third station from the western border of “Upper Media” recorded by Isidore of Charax in the 1st century…
- ĀDURFRĀZGIRD
ĀDURFRĀZGIRD, a brother of the Sasanian king Šāpūr II (A.D. 309-79) who is mentioned in the Syriac Acts of the…
- AHLOMŌG
AHLOMŌG, Middle Persian form of Younger Avestan ašəmaoγa- “one who produces confusion of Truth,” a term applied to Iranian priests…
- AHUNWAR
AHUNWAR, Middle Persian form of Avestan Ahuna Vairya, name of the most sacred of the Gathic prayers (Y. 27.13, etc.)….
- AIRYAMAN IŠYA
AIRYAMAN IŠYA, Gathic Avestan prayer (named from its opening words, ā airyəmā išyō) of Y. 54.1. etc. It may originally…
- AḴŠONVĀR
AḴŠONVĀR, The imperfect recording in Arabic (Ṭabarī, I, p. 874ff.) of an eastern Middle Iranian term for “king;” it is…
- ANDARWAYWAZĪG
ANDARWĀYWĀZĪG, Middle Persian term for “acrobat, tumbler” (lit. “one who plays in the air”). It occurs in the Pahlavi andarz…
- ANŌŠAG-RUWĀN
ANŌŠAG-RUWĀN, Mid. Pers. term of “immortal soul,” originally a respectful euphemism, becoming in the Islamic period an aristocratic proper name….
- APŌŠ
APŌŠ, Middle Persian for Av. Apaoša, the demon of drought. He is the evil protagonist of Tištar (Av. Tišrya), the…
- ARANG
ARANG, a river in ancient Iranian tradition. Middle Persian Arang/Arag renders Avestan Raŋhā, which is cognate with the Scythian name…
- ARIARATUS
ARIARATUS, Latinized form of the name Ariarathes in Justin’s summary of Trogus Pompeius’ Philippic Wars 10.1.1, one of the three…
- ARIZANTOI
ARIZANTOI, people comprising one of the six tribes (génos) of the Median nation (éthnos) as listed by Herodotus (1.101). Cf….
- ARTABAZANES
ARTABAZANES, autonomous ruler of Armenia who submitted to the Seleucid king Antiochus III in 220 B.C., when the latter invaded…
- ASPASII
ASPASII, one of the tribal people encountered by Alexander the Great in Gandhāra, 327-26 B.C. (Arrian, Anabasis 4.23-25). While part…
- ASTROLOGY AND ASTRONOMY IN IRAN
ASTROLOGY AND ASTRONOMY IN IRAN i. History of astronomy in Iran. ii. Astronomy and astrology in the Sasanian period. iii….
- IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic
IRAN v(2). Pre-Islamic Period This survey focuses on the early phase of the Iranian-speaking peoples’ presence on the plateau, during…
- HATARIA, MANEKJI LIMJI
HATARIA, MANEKJI LIMJI (مانکجی لیمجی هاتریا), emissary of the Parsis of India to the Zoroastrians of Iran from 1854 to 1890…
- YEŊ́HĒ HĀTĄM
YEŊ́HĒ HĀTĄM, Yasna 27.15 of the Avesta, one of the four major Zoroastrian ritual prayers or mantras (Av. mąθra). In…
- INDIA i. Introduction
By the close of the second millennium B.C.E. the speakers of related but already well-differentiated and internally diversified language groups,…