KĀR-NĀMAG Ī ARDAŠĪR Ī PĀBAGĀN, a short prose work written in Middle Persian. It narrates the Sasanian king Ardašīr I’s…

ZAEHNER, ROBERT CHARLES (b. Sevenoaks, Kent, 8 April 1913; d. Oxford, 24 November 1974), a scholar of Iranian and Indian…

GNOLI, GHERARDO  (b. Rome, 6 December 1937; d. Cagli, 7 March 2012; Figure 1), one of the most distinguished Iranists…

GAYŌMARD, in the Zoroastrian tradition, a primordial giant, the first man from whom mankind descends. In the Avesta, Gayōmard is…

The idea of Khorasan itself goes back to the late Sasanian (q.v.) period, when the term was used to indicate the…

ŠKAND GUMĀNĪG WIZĀR (Doubt-dispelling exposition), a Middle Persian Zoroastrian text written by Mardānfarrox son of Ohrmazddād in the ninth century….

SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST, general title of a set of 50 volumes published between 1879 and 1910, all translated…

SORUŠIĀN, Jamšid Soruš (b. Kerman, 8 November 1914; d. Tehran, 28 February 1999), a Zoroastrian community leader and author. He…

ITALY xiv. CURRENT CENTERS OF IRANIAN STUDIES IN ITALY Studies on subjects related to the Iranian cultural world can boast…

ITALY v. IRANIAN STUDIES, PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD The only comprehensive bibliographical repertory of studies on Iranian subjects, both pre-Islamic and Islamic,…

ITALY i. INTRODUCTION Direct commercial and political relations between the Italian peninsula and the Iranian plateau date at least from…

NYBERG, Henrik Samuel, born in Söderbärke in Southern Dalecarlia (Sweden) on the 28th of December 1889 he died aged eighty-four…

Pahlavi literature traditionally defines the writings of the Zoroastrians in the Middle Persian language and Book Pahlavi script which were…

MESSINA, GIUSEPPE, SJ (b. San Cataldo [Caltanisetta] January 1, 1893; d. Messina June 28, 1951), Italian scholar of Middle and…