ATĀBAK, Turkish atabeg, lit. “father-chief,” a Turkish title of rank which first appears, at least under this name, with the…

ĀL-E HĀŠEM, 3rd-5th/9th-11th century local dynasty of the region of Darband (Bāb-al-abwāb). The chief source of information regarding it, beyond…

ABU’L-RAYYĀN EṢFAHĀNĪ, AḤMAD B. MOḤAMMAD, Buyid vizier. Of unknown origin, Abu’l-Rayyān had been lieutenant in Baghdad of Moṭahhar b. ʿAbdallāh…

ʿABBĀS B. ḤOSAYN ŠĪRĀZĪ, ABU’L-FAŻL, Buyid vizier, d. 362/973. He first appears after the death of Mohallabī, the Shiʿi vizier…