Based on a longer article by ʿAbd-al-Ḥosayn Zarrīnkūb Articles by Based on a longer article by ʿAbd-al-Ḥosayn Zarrīnkūb FATALISM FATALISM in the Islamic Period. The concept of fatalism as commonly used in Islamic philosophy and Persian literature denotes the… EVOLUTION EVOLUTION (takāmol, taḥawwol), a family of ideas embodying the belief that the physical universe and living organisms have developed in…
