B. Spuler
Articles by B. Spuler
- BĀYDŪ
BĀYDŪ (Baidu, on coins Badu), a son of Ṭaraḡāy and grandson of Hülegü (Hūlāgū), reigned as il-khan in Iran from…
- ATĀBAKĀN-E FĀRS
ATĀBAKĀN-E FĀRS, princes of the Salghurid dynasty who ruled Fārs in the 6th/12th and 7th/13th centuries, initially with the status…
- ATĀBAKĀN-E LORESTĀN
ATĀBAKĀN-E LORESTĀN, rulers of Lorestān, part of the Zagros highlands of southwestern Iran in the later middle ages. Lorestān had…
- ASTRAKHAN
ASTRAKHAN (Tatar and Persian Ḥāǰǰī Tarḵān, also Àdarḵān, Haštarḵān, and Aštarakān), a town (Russian since 1556) at 46° 21’ north…
- ASHKHABAD
ASHKHABAD (Russian; Persian ʿEšqābād), since 1924 the capital of the Soviet Republic of Turkmenistan. It lies 40 km north of…
- ARAL SEA
ARAL SEA, Daryā(ča)-ye Ḵᵛārazm, inland sea in western Turkestan, bounded since 1924 and 1936 by Karakalpaqistan (part of the Soviet…
- ĀMŪ DARYĀ
ĀMŪ DARYĀ, Gk. Oxos, Lat. Oxus, Sasanian Mid. Pers. Wehrōd, Ar. Jayḥūn (to the 7th/13th cent.), Chinese Kui-shui, Wu-hu, or…
- ʿALĪŠĀH, TĀJ-AL-DĪN
ʿALĪŠĀH, TĀJ-AL-DĪN, vizier of the two Il-khans Ölǰeytü (r. 703-17/1304-16) and Abū Saʿīd (r. 717-36/1317-35). In his youth as a…
- ĀL-E KART
ĀL-E KART, or perhaps ĀL-E KORT, an east Iranian dynasty (643-791/1245-1389). Their capital was at Herat, and their realm initially…
- ABU’L-ḠĀZĪ BAHĀDOR KHAN
ABU’L-ḠĀZĪ BAHĀDOR KHAN, khan of Ḵīva (r. 1054-74/1644 to 1663-64) and Čaḡatāy historian. The son of ʿArab Moḥammad Khan, Uzbek…
- ABŪ BAKR B. SAʿD
ABŪ BAKR B. SAʿD B. ZANGĪ B. MAWDŪD, also known as MOẒAFFAR-AL-DĪN QUTLUḠ KHAN, 623-58/1226-60, member of the Salghurid dynasty,…
- ĀBEŠ ḴĀTŪN
ĀBEŠ ḴĀTŪN, Salghurid ruler of Fārs (663-85/1263-84), daughter of Atābeg Saʿd II. While still a child (in Rabīʿ I, 663/December,…