A. D. H. Bivar
Articles by A. D. H. Bivar
- EUTHYDEMUS
EUTHYDEMUS, name of two Greek kings of Bactria. Euthydemus I (ca. 230-200 B.C.E.), considered the real founder of the Greco-Bactrian…
- EṢṬAḴR
EṢṬAḴR (ESTAḴR, STAḴR), city and district in ancient Persia (Fārs). i. History and Archaeology. ii. As a Zoroastrian Religious Center….
- DEMETRIUS
DEMETRIUS ,name of two Greco-Bactrian kings. Demetrius I, son of Euthydemus I. While still crown prince of Bactria Demetrius conducted,…
- WEIGHTS AND MEASURES i. PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES i. PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD Units of weight. The standard unit of weight in the ancient Middle East was…
- BAḠLĀN
BAḠLĀN, place name in northeastern Afghanistan. i. Kushan period. ii. Modern province. iii. Modern town. i. Kushan Period The…
- HUVIŠKA
HUVIŠKA, ruler of the Great Kushan lineage, successor of Kaniška I the Great, known chiefly from inscriptions, and from a…
- HEPHTHALITES
HEPHTHALITES (Arabic Hayṭāl, pl. Hayāṭela), a people who formed apparently the second wave of “Hunnish” tribal invaders to impinge on…
- Great Britain ix. Iranian Studies in Britain, Pre-Islamic
GREAT BRITAIN ix. IRANIAN STUDIES IN BRITAIN, PRE-ISLAMIC Several fields of pre-Islamic Iranian Studies have seen great expansion during recent…
- GORGĀN v. Pre-Islamic history
GORGĀN v. Pre-Islamic history Gorgān (Latin Hyrcania), the district of “the wolves” (still seen thereabouts), north of the Alborz (q.v.)…
- GONDOPHARES
GONDOPHARES (OPers. Vindafarnah- “May he find glory”), Indo-Parthian king (20-46 C.E.) in Drangiana, Arachosia (qq.v.), and especially in the Punjab….
- GŌDARZ
GŌDARZ, name of various Iranian historical figures; an Iranian epic hero in wars against the “Turanians” in northeastern Iran; and…
- ḠOBAYRĀ
ḠOBAYRĀ, medieval township in Kermān province, located at 57° 29 E and 47° N, 70 km by road south of…
- KUSHAN DYNASTY i. Dynastic History
KUSHAN DYNASTY (Mid. Pers. Kušān, Bactrian Košano) of the 1st-3rd centuries CE. i. Dynastic History During the first to mid-third…