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ANJOMAN-E VELĀYATI (Provincial Council) of Isfahan was set up subsequent to the establishment of the Parliament (majles) to secure the aims of the Constitutional Revolution. The Council’s first meeting in Čehelsotun (q.v.) on 21 December 1906, was presided over by Hājj-Āqā Nur-Allāh Najafi (1861-1927)and attended by the representatives of diverse…

ANJOMAN-E ZARTOŠTĪĀN (the Society of Zoroastrians), designation of formally instituted Zoroastrian associations in Iran (mainly in Kermān, Tehran, and Yazd), and possibly the first to use the designation anǰoman in its modern application; they are (were) composed of local leaders elected by their communities and bound by an oath of…

ANJOMANĀRĀ, FARHANG-E, Persian-language dictionary compiled by Reżā-qolī Khan Hedāyat (1215-88/1800-71) known as Lala-bāšī. In the introductory section, written by a Zoroastrian named Mānekǰī-pūr Līmǰī Hūšang Hātarīya Kayānī (known as Darvīš Fānī) the title appears as Anǰomanārā-ye Hūšang, but the first and last pages are headed Anǰomanārā-ye Nāṣerī, and the author’s…

ANKLESARIA, BAHRAMGORE TAHMURAS (1873-1944), Parsi scholar, son of Tahmuras Dinshah Anklesaria, born and educated in Bombay. He was the first student to take his M.A. degree in the newly established Avestan and Pahlavi courses at Bombay University, and was appointed lecturer in these subjects at the Sir J. J. Zarthoshti…

ANKLESARIA, PESHOTAN KAVASHAH (1928-69). Parsi priest and scholar born at Broach. A distant relative of Tahmuras Anklesaria, he was educated first at Anklesar, then in Bombay at the Dadar Athornan Madressa and the M. F. Cama Athornan Institute, both schools for priests’ sons. He obtained his M.A. degree at St….

ANKLESARIA, TAHMURAS DINSHAH (1842-1903), Parsi priest and scholar. Born at the little town of Anklesar, center of the Godavra priestly panth, he was trained first by his father, then at a school for priests’ sons in Surat, becoming nāvar at the age of nine, and marātab soon after. His father…

ANŌŠAG-RUWĀN, Mid. Pers. term of “immortal soul,” originally a respectful euphemism, becoming in the Islamic period an aristocratic proper name. (For the latter use, see Justi, Namenbuch, pp. 17-18; Zambaur, Manuel, p. 326.) The word anaoša, “immortal,” occurs only once in the extant Avesta (Yt. 10.125), but it must have…

ANŌŠAZĀD (in the Šāh-nāma, Nōšzād; the name means “son of the immortal”), a son of Ḵosrow I Anōšīravān and leader of a revolt in ca. 550 A.D. Information about him comes mainly from Dīnavarī (ed. ʿA.-M. ʿĀmer, Cairo, 1960, pp. 69-71), Ferdowsī’s Šāh-nāma (Moscow, VIII, p. 95, v. 730f.), and…

ANQARAVĪ, ROSŪḴ-AL-DĪN ESMĀʿĪL B. AḤMAD, (also known as Rosūḵī Dede) (d. 1041/1631), a shaikh in the Mawlawī order and author of the most important traditional commentary on the Maṯnawī of Jalāl-al-dīn Rūmī. He was first affiliated to the Bayrāmī order but was subsequently initiated into the Mawlawīya; he came to…

ANQUETIL-DUPERRON, ABRAHAM HYACINTHE (1731-1805), French orientalist, born in Paris on 7 December 1731, the fourth of seven children of Pierre Anquetil, a spice importer. Duperron, the name of one of his father’s estates, was added to his own name, as was the custom, to distinguish him from his brothers, among…

ANṢARĪ, ʿALĪ-QOLĪ KHAN MOŠĀWER-AL-MAMĀLEK (1247-1319 Š./1868-1940), a career diplomat under the late Qajars. He was the son of Mīrzā Ḥasan Khan Nāyeb-al-wezāra and the grandson of Mīrzā Masʿūd Khan Garmrūdī Anṣārī, the Minister of Foreign Affairs under Moḥammad Shah Qāǰār (r. 1250-64/1834-48). Having learnt Russian and French in Trebizond and…

ANṢĀRĪ, SHAIKH MORTAŻĀ B. MOḤAMMAD AMĪN (1214-81/1799-1864), marǰaʿ-e taqlīd and important author of works on feqh and oṣūl al-feqh. Born in Dezfūl, he began his studies with his paternal uncle, Shaikh Ḥosayn Anṣārī, a well-known ʿālem of the city. In 1232/1817 he went with his father on a pilgrimage to…