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ANJEDĀN, village located 37 km east of Arāk (former Solṭānābād) in Markazī province. A relatively large and prosperous market in medieval times, Anǰedān is chiefly associated with the revival of Nezārī Ismaʿili activities in the post-Alamūt period. Following the Mongol destruction of the Nezārī state in 654/1256, the Persian Nezārīs…

ANJOMAN, a newspaper published in Tabrīz in Raǰab 1325/February-March 1907 by the Anǰoman-e Mellī of Tabrīz, which had previously published Rūz-nāma-ye mellī and Jarīda-ye mellī. The former was the first newspaper to be published in Tabrīz after the proclamation of the Constitution. It was published two to four times a…

ANJOMAN (gathering, association, society), general designation of many private and public associations: i. Political (anǰoman-e sīāsī). ii. Religious (anǰoman-e maḏhabī). iii. Literary (anǰoman-e adabī).   i. Political Anǰoman was the designation of political organizations during the Constitutional Revolution of 1324-27/1906-09. Some contemporary Iranian scholars compare it to the Russian soviet,…

ANJOMAN-E ĀṮĀR-E MELLĪ (AAM), The National Monuments Council of Iran, established in 1301 Š./1922 to promote interest in and to preserve Iran’s cultural heritage. The first phase of AAM activity extended from 1301 Š./1922 to 1313 Š./1934, under the leadership of Moḥammad-ʿAlī Forūḡī. In 1304 Š./1925 Reżā Khan Sardār-e Sepah,…

ANJOMAN-E EṢFAHĀN, a weekly paper founded in Isfahan on 21 Ḏu’l-qaʿda 1324/6 January 1906, by Sayyed Serāǰ-al-dīn Ṣadr Jabal-e ʿĀmelī (1252/1836-37-1314 Š./1935) as the organ of the Provincial Council of Isfahan (Anǰoman-e Mellī-e Eṣfahān) for the main purpose of publishing proceedings of the Council. It continued publication until 8 Ḏu’l-ḥejja…

ANJOMAN-E ESMĀʿĪLĪ (Ismaʿili Society), a research institution founded on 16 February 1946 in Bombay, India, under the patronage of the third Āqā Khan, Solṭān Moḥammad Shah (1294-1376, 1877-1957), the 48th imam of the Nezārī Ismaʿilis. Its primary objective, according to the charter, has been “the promotion of independent and critical…

ANJOMAN-EEYĀLĀTI-E TABRIZ. The provincial council (anjoman) of Tabriz was organized during the early phase of the Constitutional Revolution, in 1324/1906. Tabriz watched the unfolding of the events of Tehran, which led to the granting of the Constitution by Moẓaffar-al-Din Shah on 14 Jomādā II 1324/5 August 1906; but as he…

ANJOMAN-E FALSAFA WA ʿOLŪM-E ENSĀNĪ (Iranian Society for Philosophy and Humanistic Sciences) was formed in 1328 Š./1949 as a regional branch of the International Council of Philosophy and Humanistic Sciences, a UNESCO affiliate, as proposed by Ḡ. ʿA. Raʿdī Aḏaraḵšī, then the Iranian representative at the UNESCO. The Society, whose…

ANJOMAN-E KALĪMĪĀN (JEWISH ASSOCIATION), name given to the Jewish Association of Tehran in the 1930s, and to the Jewish Association of Iran since 1974. By the end of the 19th century and the beginning or the 20th, new developments on the communal, state, and international levels brought about changes in…

ANJOMAN-E KETĀB (the Book Society of Iran), was founded in 1336 Š./1957 in Tehran by Ehsan Yarshater (Eḥsān Yār-e Šāṭer) in collaboration with Iraj Afshar (Īraǰ Afšār), ʿAbd-al-Ḥosayn Zarrīnkūb, and a number of concerned scholars, to foster interest in good publications (Fehrest-e dah-sāla-ye rāhnemā-ye Ketāb, Tehran, 1349 Š./1970, pp. 3f.)….

ANJOMAN-E MAʿĀREF (the Society or Council of Education), a society founded in Šawwāl, 1315/February-March, 1898 under the patronage of the then prime minister Ḥāǰǰ Mīrzā ʿAlī Khan Amīn-al-dawla (q.v.) in order to promote the cause of Western-type education in Iran. Also called Anǰoman-e Taʾsīs-e Makāteb-e Mellīya-ye Īrān (Society for Founding…

ANJOMAN-E OḴOWWAT (or OḴŪWAT) “The Society of Brotherhood,” a non-political Sufi-type society officially founded on 15 Šabʿān 1317/21 December 1899 by Mīrzā ʿAlī Khan Ẓahīr-al-dawla to promote the ideals of equity and brotherhood in Iran. The society, modeled after Masonic lodges and following, at least in its general outline, a…

ANJOMAN-E SAʿĀDAT (The Association of Felicity), an organization of Iranians resident in Istanbul, devoted to furthering the cause of the Iranian constitution between 1908 and 1912. It appears to have begun its activity after the absolutist coup of Jomādā I, 1326/June, 1908 by transmitting to Europe information collected from various…

ANJOMAN-E TABLĪḠĀT-E ESLAMĪ (The Society of Islamic Propagation), an Islamic cultural and educational society established in 1941 by ʿAṭāʾallāh Šehābpūr. In addition to organizing lectures and assemblies for religious festivals, from 1324 Š./1945 on it published occasional pamphlets and a yearbook, Nūr-e dāneš, all of which mainly addressed the congruity…

ANJOMAN-E TĀRĪḴ-E AFḠĀNESTĀN (Paṧtō: Da Afḡānestān Tārīḵ Ṭōlana; Historical Society of Afghanistan). The Society was founded in Kabul in 1321 Š./1942 to disseminate information about the history of Afghanistan by conducting research, promoting scholarship, and publishing scholarly works. It was officially recognized as a historical research institute in 1333 Š./1954…