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ʿABD-AL-QODDŪS B. SOLṬĀN MOḤAMMAD B. SOLṬĀN PĀYANDA MOḤAMMADZĀY SARDĀR, called ŠAGASĪ, prominent Afghan military and political figure of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was born around 1840, a nephew of the Amīr Dūst Moḥammad Khan, and was associated early with ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān b. Moḥammad Afżal b. Dūst Moḥammad….

ʿABD-AL-QODDŪS GANGŌHĪ, Indo-Muslim saint and litterateur, pivotal member in the Ṣāberīya Češtīya, a branch limited to present-day Uttar Pradesh and Pakistan but enormously influential among the émigré elite of that large region. The details of ʿAbd-al-Qoddūs’s life are comparatively well known. His family, which had produced many illustrious ʿolamāʾ, claimed…

ʿABD-AL-RĀFEʿ HERAVĪ, ŻĪĀ-AL-DĪN B. ABU’L-FATḤ, poet, grammarian, and physician, first attached to the court of Ḵosrow Malek (555-82/1160-76), the last Ghaznavid sultan. After the Ghurids seized power, he served them, and they respected him for his skill. The major portion of his poetry apparently has been lost. ʿAwfī (Lobāb [Tehran],…

ʿABD-AL-RAḤĪM DEHLAVĪ, late Mughal scholar and the father of Shah Valīallāh (q.v.; d. 1138/1726). Born about 1053-54/1643-44, ʿAbd-al-Raḥīm was the second of three sons of Vaǰīh-al-dīn, a military officer of remarkable courage and integrity in the army of the Mughal emperors Shah Jahān and Awrangzēb. ʿAbd-al-Raḥīm first studied law (feqh)…

ʿABD-AL-RAḤĪM ḴĀN(-E) ḴĀNĀN B. MOḤAMMAD BAYRAM BEG ḴĀN ḴĀNĀN, distinguished general and statesman, patron of artists and poets. He was born at Lahore in 964/1556 (Maʾāṯer-e Raḥīmī II, p. 234) and was of the Bahārlū clan of the Qara Qoyonlū. In 1562, the year following his father’s assassination, he was…

ʿABD-AL-RAḤĪM B. MOḤAMMAD B. ʿOṮMĀN AL-ḴAYYĀṬ, ABU’L-ḤOSAYN, Muʿtazilite theologian of Baghdad. He must have been born before 220/835, since he began his theological studies still under the Muʿtazilite Jaʿfar b. Mobaššer (d. 234/848-49). His chief teacher of kalām (theology) seems to have been ʿĪsā b. Hayṯam Ṣūfī. He was also…

ʿABD-AL-RAḤĪM B. ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN ḴᵛĀRAZMĪ, calligrapher and poet active in western Iran during the second half of the 9th/15th century. Apparently born and trained in Shiraz, where his father worked as a calligrapher, ʿAbd-al-Raḥīm’s style of calligraphy was influential there until the late 9th/15th century. The exact date of ʿAbd-al-Raḥīm’s birth…

ʿABD-AL-RAḤĪM B. ʿABD-AL-KARĪM AL-QAZVĪNĪ AL-ʿAJAMĪ, astronomer, d. 1026/1617. Nothing further seems to be known of his life. Two of his works survive: al-Zīǰ fi’l-falak (“Astronomical tables on the sphere”), and Resāla fi’l-kawākeb al-ṯābeta (“Epistle on the fixed star”). Bibliography : Brockelmann, GAL II 2, p. 545.

ʿABD-AL-RAḤĪM ʿANBARĪN-QALAM, calligrapher of India (fl. late 10th-11th cent.). He was a native of Herat but, as a young man, went to India and entered the service of ʿAbd-al-Raḥīm Ḵān Ḵānān. According to the Maʾāṯer-e Raḥīmī,he gained a wide reputation for his nastaʿlīq hand while writing manuscripts for the Ḵān…

ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN B. SAMORA, ABŪ SAʿĪD, Arab general who campaigned in Sīstān; d. 50/670. He was a Meccan of the clan of ʿAbd Šams and a maternal cousin of ʿOṯmān b. ʿAffān. Originally called ʿAbd-al-Kaʿba, he was renamed ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān by Moḥammad when he converted to Islam. His public career began in…

ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN B. SOYŪNJ, an Uzbek amir of the Ūšūn (or Oyšūn) tribe (olūs) and a major military-administrative figure in Balḵ in the first half of the 11th/17th century. The record of his career, which spans more than three decades, begins with his participation in a campaign in Badaḵšān. The Toghay-timurid…

ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN B. ʿOMAR ṢŪFĪ, ABU’L-ḤOSAYN, astronomer, especially well versed in knowledge of the fixed stars, b. 291/903 in Ray, d. 376/986. He seems to have spent his life in close relationship to the rulers of the Buyid dynasty in Iran and Mesopotamia, especially ʿAżod-al-dawla (d. 372/983). By his own statement,…

ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN ČEŠTĪ, 17th century Mughal saint and biographer. He belonged to the Ṣāberī branch of the Češtī order (selsela), which had been founded at Kalyar (Saharanpur district, U.P., India) by ʿAlāʾ-al-dīn ʿAlī b. Aḥmad Ṣāber (d. 690/1291), a disciple of the illustrious Farīd-al-dīn Ganǰ-e Šakar of Pakpattan (d. 663/1265). One…

ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN KᵛĀRAZMĪ, calligrapher specializing in nastaʿlīq, active during the middle decades of the 9th/15th century. His earliest known work is dated to 839/1436 and his latest to 866/1462. During this period he resided first in Shiraz and then in Baghdad. The Turkish historian Moṣṭafā-ʿAlī claims that ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān lived until 886/1481…