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Yom le’yom title Yom le’yom genre/topic   language   performer Jaakub ibn Esra Kaschi, age 65 in 1911 instrument   composer   author/poet Israel Najjara first line of poem yom le’yom uy’de le’shimxa el a’ni recorded by Abraham Zvi Idelsohn place of recording   date of recording December 3, 1911…

YUSOFI, GHOLAM-HOSAYN (Ḡolām-Ḥosayn Yusofi, b. Mashad, 2 Bahman 1306 Š./23 January 1928; d. Tehran, 14 Āḏar 1369 Š./5 December 1990; Figure 1), prominent scholar of Persian literature and history, literary critic, and outstanding university professor. LIFE Gholam-Hosayn was born to ʿĀbed and Ḥešmat Yusofi in Mashad. His father died when he…

Y~ ENTRIES: CAPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS Entry Image Caption YAḴČĀL Figure 1. Yaḵčāl, section and plan drawings. After Beazley et al., p. 51. This type of a domed ice-house with shading walls, open-air basin, and water supply system is typical for Yazd province. YAḴČĀL Figure 2. Yaḵčāl, outside Birjand, Khorasan province….

ZABĀN-E ZANĀN, the title of a newspaper and a magazine published in Isfahan and Tehran, respectively, by Ṣeddiqa Dawlatābādi (1883-1961), a pioneer advocate of women’s rights in Iran. The newspaper. Zabān-e zanān, the third women’s newspaper ever published in Iran, ran from 20 Šawwāl 1337 to 21 Rabiʿ 1339 Š./18…

ZĀDSPRAM, a 9th-century Zoroastrian scholar and author. He was one of the four sons of Gušn-Jam (or Juwānjam, according to Boyce and Cereti). Among his brothers Zurvāndād, Manušcihr, and Ašavahišt, the second is well known for his Epistles and the book of the Dādestān ī dēnīg. According to an unverifiable…

ZĀDUYA, a Persian noble in the 7th century CE who was instrumental in the crowning of Farroḵzād Ḵosrow as Sasanian king.  He is said to have been the “chief of the servants” (raʾis al-ḵawal) during the chaotic period between the reigns of Pērōz II and Farroḵzād Ḵosrow in 631-32 CE…

ZAEHNER, ROBERT CHARLES (b. Sevenoaks, Kent, 8 April 1913; d. Oxford, 24 November 1974), a scholar of Iranian and Indian studies, a historian of religions, Spalding Professor of Eastern Religions and Ethics at Oxford University, a British Intelligence officer stationed at the British Embassy in Tehran, and the major planner…

ẒAHIR-AL-DAWLA, EBRĀHIM KHAN (d. Tehran, 1240/1824), military leader and governor of Kermān under Fatḥ-ʿAli Shah Qajar (r. 1797-1834). A cousin, stepson, and son-in-law of Fatḥ-ʿAli Shah, Ebrāhim Khan was an important patron of architecture, particularly famous for the Ebrāhim Khan Complex in the old bazaar of Kermān. Entrusted with the…

ZĀL (also called Dastān, Zar, and Zāl-e Zar), legendary prince of Sistān, father of Rostam, and a leading figure in Iranian traditional history. His story is given in the Šāh-nāma (partially retold in prose by Yarshater, 1959, pp. 83-9, 93-133), so closely paralleled in Ṯaʿālebi’s Ḡorar (pp. 68-10, 114, 119-22,…

ZAMYĀD YAŠT or Yašt 19, the last in sequence of the great pieces of the Yašt hymn collection of the Younger Avesta; it is followed by two short and insignificant pieces, Yt. 20 (Hōm Yašt), a name shared with the major text of Yasna 9-11.15) and Yt. 21 (Vanand Yašt)….

ZAND DYNASTY (1164-1209/1751-94), a dynasty that ruled in Persia (excluding Khorasan) from Shiraz, from the time when Nāder Shah’s (r. 1736-47) successors, the Afsharids, failed to recover western Persia until the founding of the Qajar dynasty by Āḡā Moḥammad Khan Qājār (r. 1779-97). Karim Khan, ‘the Wakil’ (1164-93/1751-79). The founder…

ZAND Ī FRAGARD Ī JUD-DĒW-DĀD “A Commentary on Chapters of the Vidēvdād” (hereafter: ZFJ), a sixth-century Zoroastrian text. It has been preserved more or less intact as 240 pages of MS TD2. It resembles a rivāyat rather than a zand, that is, a collection of responsa rather than a commentary,…