Explore Iranica

Tarz-e Yari title Tarz-e Yari genre/topic Haqiqi nazm: Tarz-e Yari language   performer Ostād Tāher Yār-Waysi instrument  Tanbur, Voice composer   author/poet   first line of poem refrain: ay pir-e dawrān, bāwānem bawrawa recorded by Partow Hooshmandrād place of recording Gahwara date of recording   duration 5:00 source Regional Music…

ṬARZI, Maḥmud (b. Ḡazni, 1 Rabiʿ II 1282/1 Sombola 1244 Š./23 August 1865; d. Istanbul, 22 November 1933), writer, journalist, politician, and a prominent figure in Afghanistan in the first quarter of the 20th century (FIGURE 1). Through his father, Ḡolām Moḥammad Khan (1830-1900), son of Sardār Raḥmdel Khan, Maḥmud…

TAṢNIF (تصنیف), a type of vocal composition in classical Persian music. The term, an Arabic loanword, originally referred to literary compositions and then later also specifically to literary-musical compositions, for which it is better known today.  There is disagreement as to what constitutes a taṣnif, due in part to the multiplicity…

Tasnif (balākeš) – Dastgāh šur title Tasnif (balākeš) – Dastgāh šur genre/topic Tasnif – Dastgāh šur language   performer Ḡolām-Hosayn Banān instrument  Voice, Orchestra recorded by   place of recording   date of recording   duration 3:46 source Songs of Banān, Mahoor Institute of Culture and Art M.CD-337 (2012). CD1-track…

Tasnif-e Mobtalā title Tasnif-e Mobtalā genre/topic Dastgāh-e Māhur language Persian performer Moḥammad-Reżā Šajariān, voice ; Ahmad Ebādi, setār, ʿAli Aṣğar Bahāri, Kamānča, and orchestra instrument Voice and Orchestra composer  Ḥasan Yusef-zamāni author/poet  Bābā Ṭāher ʿOryān first line of poem  Nasimi kaz bon-e ān kākol āyu recorded by   place of recording  …

TAVADIA, JEHANGIR C., Parsi scholar of ancient Iranian languages and Zoroastrianism (b. in the village of Tavdi, near Navsari, 15 August 1896 or 1897; d. Hamburg, 4 July 1955). He was educated at the D. K. Tata Anglo Vernacular Boy’s School. Tavadia showed an early facility for languages and won…

TAVALLALI, Fereydun (b. Shiraz, 1919; d. Shiraz, 30 May 1985), noted poet and writer. Tavallali’s father, Jalāl Khan, was a descendant of the Tavallali clan from the ʿAmala branch of Qašqāʾi tribe whose family had migrated to Shiraz. He lost his mother when he was six years old. He attended…

TAVERNIER, JEAN-BAPTISTE Careri Careri (b. Paris, 1605; d. Smolensk, Russia, 1689), jeweler, merchant, and traveler who undertook six journeys to Asia over forty years and published several books, of which the Six Voyages is the best known (Figure 1). LIFE Preliminary note. Six chapters (pp. 18-207) of Charles Joret’s book…

TAʿĀROF, an Arabic term (lit. ‘becoming acquainted’) used in Persian to define a nearly untranslatable concept encompassing a broad complex of behaviors in Iranian life that mark and underscore differences in social status. Laurence Loeb glosses it as “compliment, ceremony, offer, present” (1969). William Beeman defines it as “the active,…

TAʿLIM O TARBIAT, title of a monthly periodical published by the Ministry of Culture as its organ from Farvardin 1304 until Esfand 1306 Š./April 1925-March 1927, and again from Farvardin 1313 until Tir 1317 Š./April 1934-July 1938, when the title was changed to Āmuzeš o parvareš. According to the directive…

TAʿZIA, Arabic verbal noun from form II ʿazza (‘to express sympathy with, to console, to mourn’), a term used for the Shiʿite passion play performed in Persia. It is the sole form of serious drama to have developed in the world of Islam, with the exception of contemporary theater, which…

Ta‘zia of Qazvin title Ta‘zia of Qazvin genre/topic Ta‘zia language   performer Mohammad Ḥoseyn Taqizādeh instrument Voice composer   author/poet   first line of poem   recorded by Jahāngir Nasir Ašrafi place of recording   date of recording 1992-1999 duration 2:48 source Religious Music of Iranian Chiites. Mahoor Institute of…

TEDESCO, PAUL MAXIMILIAN (b. Vienna, 5 May 1898; d. New Haven, Conn., 17 December 1980), Austrian scholar of Indo-Iranian studies. The son of a civil engineer from a Jewish family from Slovakia, Paul Tedesco attended grammar school in Vienna and, beginning in 1916, studied Indo-European languages with Paul Kretschmer (1866-1956)…

TEHRAN, capital city of Iran. i. A PERSIAN CITY AT THE FOOT OF THE ALBORZ At the northern borders of Iran’s arid central plateau, the southern foothills of the Alborz chain, which have the advantage of major precipitations, are particularly suitable for human settlements. The abundance of water running down…