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QANDRIZ, MANSUR (Manṣur Qandriz, b. Tabriz, 11 Esfand 1314  Š./1 March 1936; d. in a car accident near Čālus, 7 Esfand 1344  Š./26 February 1966; FIGURE 1), modernist artist and a noted member of Saqqā-ḵāna School of Art. LIFE Born and raised in Tabriz, in 1954 Qandriz attended the Tehran…

QĀNUNI, Jalāl (b. Shiraz, 1900; d. Shiraz, 22 Mehr 1366/14 October 1987), master of Persian classical music, and expert in Daštestāni music (folk music from the Fārs province). His father, Raḥim Qānuni, was a master qānun (trapezoidal zither) player who re-introduced this instrument into Persia. After his death Jalāl replaced…

QĀNUNI, Raḥim Širāzi (b. Shiraz, 1234/1871; d. Shiraz, 5 Farvardin 1323/26 March 1944; these dates are according to official family documents), innovator, master of Persian classical music, and teacher. He was the son of an itinerant Jewish merchant named Āvrām. At the age of fifteen, he joined his father on…

QARĀ ḴEṬĀY, western branch of the Mongolic Qitans, who ruled China as the Liao from 907 to 1124. Upon being toppled from the throne by the Tunguzic Jurchens, they moved to Central Asia and established a new empire under the name Qarā Ḵeṭāy (called Si Liao “Western Liao” by the…

QARABAGH (Qarabāḡ), a district (woloswāli) of Ghazni Province in Afghanistan. The district of Qarabagh covers 1,799 square km and is bounded in the west by Jāḡori and Moqor, in the north by Nāwor and Jaḡatu, in the east by Andar and Kiro, and in the south by Āb-band. The total…

Qāri Navā’i title Qāri Navā’i genre/topic Dotār language   performer Gozal Muminova instrument Uzbek Dotār composer   author/poet   first line of poem   recorded by Jean During place of recording Tashkent, Khiva date of recording 2006 duration 1:49 source Dotār of Transoxania. Mahoor Institute of Culture and Art, 2007…

QĀSEMI-e ḤOSAYNI-e GONĀBĀDI, Moḥammad Qāsem (d. 982 /1574), poet and scholar of the Safavid period. LIFE Much biographical information about Qāsemi’s early life remains ambiguous. His name has been mentioned as Moḥammad Qāsem (Āḏar Bigdeli, p. 61), and that of his father as ʿAbd-Allah, who was known as Amir-Sayyed Gonābādi…

QĀSEMLU (Ghassemlou), ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN (b. Urmia, 22 December 1930; d. Vienna, 13 July 1989; Figure 1), Kurdish political leader, who as secretary general of the Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI), led the Kurdish nationalist struggle for autonomy and democracy in Iran. (The original name of the party was Kurdish Democratic…

QAŠQĀʾI TRIBAL CONFEDERACY i. History Like most present-day tribal confederacies in Persia, the Il-e Qašqāʾi is a conglomeration of clans of different ethnic origins, Lori, Kurdish, Arab and Turkic. But most of the Qašqāʾi are of Turkic origin, and almost all of them speak a Western Ghuz Turkic dialect which…

QAŠQĀʾI TRIBAL CONFEDERACY ii. LANGUAGE Qašqāʾi is a language of southwestern or Oghuz (see ḠOZZ) branch of Turkic languages, spoken in the Iranian provinces of Hamadan and Fārs, especially in the region to the north of Shiraz. Until the middle of the 20th century nearly no Qašqāʾi (and Äynallu) materials…

Qašqā’i title Qašqā’i genre/topic Okšamaq language Qašqāʾi performer Mohammad Hossein Kiāni instrument Voice composer   author/poet   first line of poem   recorded by Parvin Bahmani place of recording   date of recording   duration 1:41 source Regional Music of Iran. Qašqā’i Songs. Mahoor Institute of Culture and Art, 2010…

QAṢRĀN, a historical region located north of present-day Tehran, consisting of the upper Jājrud river valley (Inner Qaṣrān) and Šemirānāt as well as Tehran itself (Outer Qaṣrān).  Qaṣrān has been populated since pre-historical times. Artifacts dated from three to six thousand years ago have been excavated from its ancient burials…

QAWĀMI, Ḥosyan (b. Tehran, 1288 Š./1909; d. Tehran, 1368 Š. /1989), known also as Fāḵtaʾi, a master vocalist in the second half of the 20th century. Qawāmi’s father, a well-known architect, was a music enthusiast with a comprehensive collection of records of performances by Persian vocalists of the time. Ḥosayn was thus…