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NEŠALJ (also Nešalg, Nešlaj), large village in central Iran known for its picturesque architecture, the festivity of Friday of Nešalj in the early autumn, and its extinct Median dialect. i. The Village. ii. The Dialect.

NEŠALJ i. The Village Nešalj is located in Niāsar Rural District, Niāsar District, Kashan Sub-Province, Isfahan Province. The name has also been spelled Nešlaj (Moṣāheb, III, p. 3029; Bolukbāši, p. 36; SCI, 1969, p. 47).  The unmarked form نشلج has led to an acclaimed popular etymology, on account of the…

NEŠALJ ii. The Dialect Corresponding to its geography, Nešalj (نِشَلج) had a Median dialect of Rāji variety, a language group spread throughout Kashan region, but it has been succumbing speedily to Persian in recent decades (see KASHAN ix. The Median Dialects of Kashan). Documentation.  According to the field notes of…

NETHERLANDS : Archives  The main sources for Iran, the Persian Gulf and the Dutch-Persian relations are found in the Dutch National Archives (Nationaal Archief, NA [Website 1]).  They were created in 1802, and until 2002, the NA were known as the General State Archives (Algemeen Rijksarchief, ARA).  The central collection is…

Newroz title Newroz genre/topic Song for Nowruz language Sorani Kurdish performer Hasan Zirak instrument Voice with violin and tonbak composer   author/poet   first line of poem  Emroži sali tazeye newroze hatewe recorded by   place of recording   date of recording   duration 3:44 source Songs of Hasan Zirak….

NEY-DĀWUD, Morteżā (b. Tehran, 1279 Š./1900; d. San Francisco, 10 Mordād 1369 Š./31 July 1990), celebrated composer of music and performer and instructor of the tār (a plucked long-necked lute, q.v.). He is most fondly remembered for training a number of outstanding musicians, particularly Qamar-al-Moluk Waziri, and gratefully praised for…

Neydāwud – Māhur title Neydāwud – Māhur genre/topic Dastgāh-e Māhur language   performer Mortezā Neydāwud instrument Tār recorded by   place of recording   date of recording   duration 7:56 source A Century of Tār 1. Mahoor Institute of Culture and Art, 2001 (MCD-72), track 8. Used with permission of…

NĒZAK (or Nizāk), dynastic name appearing on a long series of silver coins issued by a local dynasty in Kāpisā (in the region of Kabul; Sk. Kāpiśī) ca. late 7th century C.E., which at times ruled over Gandhara as well; it is also the name by which a dynasty in…

NEẒĀM-AL-MOLK, Abu ʿAli Ḥasan b. ʿAli b. Esḥāq Ṭusi (1018-92) celebrated vizier of two Saljuq sultans, Ālp Arslān (r. 1063-73) and his son Malekšāh (r. 1073-92). He held the honorifics Neẓām-al-Molk (“order of state”), Ḡiāṯ-al-Dawla (“pillar of government”), Qawām-al-Din (“mainstay of religion”), and Rażi Amir-al-Moʾmenin (“favored one of the Commander…

NEẒĀM-AL-SALṬANA, ḤOSAYNQOLI KHAN (1832-1908, Figure 1), official, governor, and prime minister in the Qajar era. Ḥosaynqoli Khan was born in 1832 to the family of Šarif Khan Māfi, a high-ranking military commander and a minor governor during the reigns of the Qajar monarchs Fatḥ-ʿAli Shah (1797-1834) and Moḥammad Shah (1834-48). According…

NEẒĀMI QUNAVI (Neẓāmi of Konya), also known as Neẓāmi Qaramāni (d. 1469-73?), poet in Persian, Arabic, and Turkish. We have very little information on his life. He was born in the time of the Qaramanid dynasty, probably between 1435 and 1440, the son of Mollā Wali-al-Din, a well-known preacher and…

NEZĀR B. AL-MOSTANṢER, ABU MANṢUR (b. Cairo, 10 Rabiʿ I 437/26 September 1045; d. Cairo, 488/1095), Fatimid crown prince and Nezāri Ismaʿili imam.  He was the eldest son of al-Mostanṣer Be’llāh, the eighth Fatimid caliph and the eighteenth Ismaʿili imam.  According to Ismaʿili Shiʿite rules of succession, Nezār had received,…

NEZĀRI QOHESTĀNI, ḤAKIM SAʿD-AL-DIN b. Šams-al-Din (or Jalāl-al-Din) b. Moḥammad (b. Birjand, 645/1247; d. Birjand, 720/1320-21), a Persian poet of Nezāri Ismaʿili affiliation. Nezāri was born in Birjand, a commercial town in Qohestān, southern Khorasan, and an important center under the governorship of the Nezāri Ismaʿilis (Willey, pp. 168-89).  The…