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KUSHANSHAHS ii. Kushano-Sasanian Coinage General overview. The name Kušāno-Sasanian is applied to coin issues in gold, silver, and bronze struck by rulers bearing Sasanian dynastic names who call themselves Kušānšāhs (کوشانشاهان, i.e., Kings of the Kušān). It is generally assumed that they were viceroys installed by the Sasanian Kings of…

KUŠK (also called Kušk Kohna; MacGregor, p. 542, uses the earlier spelling “Khūshk” [Ḵušk]), originally the name of a river (Kušk Rud), arising in Afghanistan on the north slope of the Paropamisos (Kuh-e Bābā), north of Herat, and flowing north to empty into the Morḡāb, which it meets in the…

ḴUŠNAWĀR/ḴUŠNAWĀZ (MPers. Xašnawāz; Sogd. əxšōnδār), the Hephthalite king who defeated the Sasanian king Pērōz (r. 459-84 CE; see Fīrūz) in Bactria at the end of 483/484 (see Justi under “Axšunwār,” p. 13a). In the Bundahišn, the Hephthalite king is called xašnawāz ī Hiftārān xwadāy (TD1. Fol. 91v; TD2. Fol. 109v,…

ḴUSRAW Ī KAWĀDĀN UD RĒDAK-ĒW (Ḵosrow son of Kavād and the Page), a Pahlavi treatise of wisdom-literature genre.  Contents. The treatise of Ḵusraw ī Kawādān ud rēdak-ēw is the story of an orphan of a priestly family who presents himself to the king of kings (Ḵosrow I, r. 531-579, or…

KUSTĪG, the Pahlavi term (Pers. kusti, košti, Guj. kustī) used to designate the “holy cord or girdle” worn around the waist (Pahl. kust, Pers. košt “side, waist”) by Zoroastrians (Figure 1). The term glosses Pahl. aiwayāhan < Av. aiβiiåŋhana- “holy cord” < Av. aiβi + 1yāh “to wrap around, to...

K ENTRIES: CAPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS   online entry caption text KABUL ii. Historical Geography Figure 1. Kabul, with the basin of the Kabul river. 1. Water System. 2. Urban sites and pre-Islamic ruins. 3. Buddhist and Hindu remains. 4. Present settlements. 5. Roads. 6. Surface irrigation. 7. Major ridgelines in…

ḴᵛĀJANURI, EBRĀHIM B. ḤABIB-ALLĀH (b. Shiraz, Esfand 1279/March-April 1900; d. Tehran, 7 Abān 1370/16 October 1991), lawyer, politician, author, translator, journalist, psychologist, and founder of the popular psychoanalytical center of Panā[h] in Tehran.  He was only one year old when he lost his father, a high-ranking military accountant (laškarnevis), and he was…

ḴᵛĀJAVAND,a Kurdish tribe in the Caspian province of Māzandarān. According to L. S. Fortescue, the tribe “was originally brought from Garrūs and Kurdistān by Nādir Shāh. A part returned to their native country at the end of the reign of Karīm Khān Zand, and were brought back by Āghā Muhammad…

ḴᵛĀJAZĀDA ASʿAD EFENDI, MOḤAMMAD (MEḤMED) (b. Istanbul, 10 Moḥarram 978/14 June 1570, d. Istanbul 14 Šaʿbān 1034/22 May 1625), Ottoman šayḵ-al-Eslām, poet, and translator of Saʿdi’s Golestān. He was the second son of Ḵᵛāja Saʿd-al-Din Efendi Eṣfahāni (d. 1008/1599), the famous Ottoman historian, statesman, and šayḵ-al-Eslām. After receiving the elementary…

ḴᵛĀJU KERMĀNI, Abu’l-ʿAṭā Kamāl-al-Din Maḥmud b. ʿAli b. Maḥmud Moršedi, Persian poet and mystic (b. Kermān, 24 December 1290; d. Shiraz, 1349?). The nickname Ḵᵛāju, which he used as his taḵalloṣ (poetic signature), is probably a diminutive of ḵᵛāja (Ṣafā, p. 888), and points to his descent from a family…

ḴᵛĀNSĀLĀR, title by which the supervisor and other workers of the kitchen department of the royal palace were known in the Ghaznavid and Saljuq periods (Bayḥaqi, p. 502; ʿOnṣor-al-Maʾāli, p. 66; ʿAbd-al-Wāseʿ Jalabi, II, p. 750). The title also occurred as salār-e ḵᵛān in Ferdowi’s Šāh-nāma and Ḵāqāni’s poems (Dehḵodā,…

ḴᵛĀNSĀR (also Ḵunsār, Ḵonsār, Ḵānsār), historical district and town in Isfahan province. i. Historical geography ii. The dialect

ḴᵛĀNSĀR i. Historical Geography Covering an area of 900 km2 on the eastern foot (Piškuh) of the central Zagros, Ḵᵛānsār is bordered longitudinally by the districts of Golpāyagān (north) and Faridan (south). Its center is 30 km south of Golpāyagān and 150 km northwest of Isfahan. The district is home…

ḴvORMUJ, town and administrative center of Dašti Sub-province (šahrestān) in Bušehr Province on the Persian Gulf. Ḵˇormuj (lat 28°39′ N, long 51°22′ E) is the only town in the Central district (baḵš) of Sub-province. The population of the town at the 2006 census was 32,255 (6,977 families) (SCI, p. 52)….