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KALĀNTAR, comparative of kalān (big, great), the term used to denote a chief or leader; synonyms are pišvā and moqaddam. As of the late 14th century, the word kalāntar was used to denote the chief of a tribal, military, geographical, or professional unit. From the late 15th century onwards, the…

KALĀNTARI, PARVIZ (b. Zanjān, 22 March 1931; d. Tehran, 20 May 2016), painter, graphic designer, writer, and a pioneering illustrator of Iranian children’s books (Figure 1). Life. Parviz Kalāntari was the eldest child in a family of five siblings. His father, Bāqer Kalāntari (1907-94) was an employee of the Ministry…

KALĀRESTĀQ i. The District and Sub-District. ii. The Dialect.

KALĀRESTĀQ (or Kalār-rostāq), and Kalārdašt, historical district in western Māzandarān. i. THE DISTRICT AND SUB-DISTRICT Kalārestāq district. This predominantly mountainous district extends along the Caspian coast from the Namakābrud (Namakāvarud) river on the west to the Čālus river on the east, separating it from the districts of Tonekābon and Kojur…

KALĀRESTĀQ  ii. THE DIALECT The Caspian vernaculars spoken in Kalārestāq, together with those of Tonekābon district, may not be properly classified as either Māzandarāni (Maz.) or Gilaki (Gil.) but serve as a transition between these two language groups. The local dialects of Kalārestāq and Tonekābon may therefore be considered, as…

KALĀT-E NĀDERI (lat 37°00′05′′ N, long 59°45′27′′ E), an elevated, isolated plateau in the mountains of Khorasan, some 150 km north of Mašhad, edged with steep cliffs that transform it into an almost inaccessible natural fortress. Geologically, it is in a synclinal enclave, thrust into relief by differential erosion of the…

KALBĀSI (KARBĀSI), Ḥāj Moḥammad Ebrāhim (b. Isfahan, 1766; d. Isfahan, 1845), prominent Oṣuli jurist, influential in the affairs of Isfahan during the reigns of Fatḥ-ʿAli Shah and Moḥammad Shah. His father, Ḥāj Moḥammad had migrated there, by way of Kāḵk in eastern Khorasan, from the Shiʿi-inhabited district of Herat known…

ḴĀLEDI, Mehdi, Persian violinist and songwriter (b. Tehran, 1 Mordād 1298 Š./24 July 1919, d. Tehran, 9 Āḏar 1369 Š./30 November 1990). As a violinist, Ḵāledi was known for his command of traditional Persian music (musiqi-e aṣi1) and its innovative interpretation. As a composer, he was admired for the range…

KALEMĀT-E MAKNUNA (The Hidden Words), a collection of aphorisms (71 in Arabic and 82 in Persian) by Bahāʾ-Allāh on spiritual and moral themes, dating from 1274/1857-58 and considered one of his most important writings. There is also a work with the same title by Mollā Moḥsen Fayż, concerning Shiʿite esotericism, mysticism,…

Ḵāleqi, Ey Irān title Ḵāleqi, Ey Irān genre/topic Āvāz-e Dašti language   performer Banān, vocals, and Golhā orchestra instrument   composer Ruhollāh Ḵāleqi author/poet Gol Golāb first line of poem Ey Irān ey marze powr gohar recorded by   place of recording   date of recording   duration 3:02 source…

Kāleqi, Mey-e nāb title Kāleqi, Mey-e nāb genre/topic Āvāz-e Bayat-e Esfahān, guše-he‘Oššāq language   performer Banān, vocals, and Golhā orchestra instrument   composer Ruhollāh Kāleqi author/poet Hāfez first line of poem dišab be seyl-e ašk rah-e khāb mizadam recorded by   place of recording   date of recording   duration…

ḴĀLEQI, RUḤ-ALLĀH (b. Kermān,1324/1906, d. Salzburg, Austria, 21 Ābān 1344/12 November 1965; Figure 1), Persian music educator, composer, and music scholar. He was from a well-educated middle class family. His father, Mirzā ʿAbd-Allāh, was a civil servant who was appointed to various posts in provincial capitals. He was secretary to…

ḴĀLEṢIZĀDA, MOḤAMMAD B. MOḤAMMAD-MAHDI (b.  Kāẓemayn, 1308/1890; d. Baghdad, 1383/1963, FIGURE 1), contemporary Iraqi-Iranian reformist cleric and political activist.  He was active in anti-British protests and the early struggles of the Shiʿites for more political, administrative, and military positions in Iraq, and one of the earliest proponents of political power…

KALHOR, a Kurdish tribe in the southernmost part of Persian Kurdistan. Ely Soans (p. 386) and Hyacinth Louis Rabino (p. 25) described it as the most powerful tribe in the province of Kermānšāh, and Henry Rawlinson as “one of the most ancient, if not the most ancient, of the tribes…

KALHOR, Mirzā Mohammad-Reżā (b. 1245/1829; d. Tehran, 25 Moḥarram 1310/3 August 1892, Figure 1), one of the most prominent 19th-century Persian calligraphers, often compared to such great masters of nastaʿliq as Mir ʿAli Heravi and Mir ʿEmād Sayfi Qazvini. He was born into the Kalhor tribe of Kermanšāh in western…