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JĀMEʿ-E ʿABBĀSI, a Persian manual on foruʿ al-feqh (positive rules derived from the sources of legal knowledge) in Shiʿism written by the Safavid šayḵ-al-Eslām of Isfahan, Shaikh Bahāʾ-al-Din ʿĀmeli (d. 1621, q.v.), in response to a commission from Shah ʿAbbās I (q.v.; hence the title of the text). A key…

JĀMEʿA-YE LISĀNSIAHĀ-YE DĀNEŠ-SARĀ-YE ʿĀLI, the Association of graduates of the Teacher Training College, founded on 28 Mehr 1311/21 Oct. 1932 by its first two graduating classes, at the suggestion of ʿIsā Ṣadiq, the dean of the Teachers Training College (see EDUCATION xix) at that time. It was originally known as…

JĀMI, ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN NUR-AL-DIN b. Neẓām-al-Din Aḥmad-e Dašti, Persian poet, scholar, and Sufi of the 15th century (b. Ḵarjerd-e Jām, November 7, 1414/d. Herat, November 9, 1492). i. Life and works. ii. Jāmi and Sufism. iii. Jāmi and Persian art.   For a music sample, see Ḥazin. For a music sample, see Ḥeṣār…

JĀMI i. LIFE AND WORKS LIFE Though born in the hamlet of Ḵarjerd, Jāmi would take his penname from the nearby village of Jām (lying about midway between Mashad and Herat), where he spent his childhood. Before coming to Khorasan sometime in the 14th century, the family resided in the…

JĀMI ii. AND SUFISM Among the several facets of Jāmi’s persona and career—Sufi, scholar, poet, associate of rulers—it may be permissible to award primacy to the first mentioned. This would certainly correspond to Jāmi’s own view and to that of one of his closest disciples, ʿAbd-al-Ḡafur Lāri: both the practice…

JĀMI iii. AND PERSIAN ART Jāmi’s writings are among the most frequently illustrated in the history of Persian manuscript painting. By the fifteenth century, the intense devotion of Timurid warlords and princes to Sufi elders had created the most favorable conditions for the spread of Sufism and an increase in…

JĀMI RUMI (or Jāmi Meṣri), AḤMAD, Ottoman official, poet, and translator (fl. 10th/16th century). Next to nothing is known about him beyond his career as a ranking official of the Ottoman state, even the dates and places of his birth and death are not recorded. He was a professional soldier…

JAMKARĀN, a village near Qom, located 6 km south of it on the Qom-Kashan highway. It includes the mazraʿas of Gorgābi (Hādi-Mehdi) and Zangābād, the ruins of Gabri castle, and the Jamkarān or Ṣāḥeb-al-Zamān mosque (Razmārā, I, p. 54; Eʿtemād-al-Salṭana, p. 2256; Nāṣer-al-Šariʿa, p. 162; Faqihi, p. 219). The twin…

JAMSHIDI (Jamšidi), one of several semi-nomadic, Persian-speaking, Hanafite Sunni groups of northwestern Afghanistan known as aymāq (Turk oymāq). The Jamshidi have often been subsumed within the larger category of čār (čahār) aymāq (the four tribes), which not only comprised the Jamshidi, Firuzkuhi, Taymani, and Sunni Hazāra of Qalʿa-ye Now, but, according…

JAMŠID (or JAM), mythical king of Iran; Middle Persian Jam, Jamšēd, Avestan Yima (Old Indic Yama), with the epithet xšaēta (Elamite Persepolis tablets Yamak-šedda; Benveniste, 1966, p. 96; Hallock, p. 771; Hinz, p. 273). The common noun, meaning “twin,” is attested once in Old Avestan in the dual (yə̄mā, see…

JAMŠID i. MYTH OF JAMŠID In the Avesta (q.v.), several myths are associated with Yima. He ruled the world in a golden age; he saved living beings from a natural catastrophe by preserving specimens in his var- (fortress); he possessed the most Fortune (xᵛarənah-, Mid. Pers. xwarrah) among mortals, but…