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ḤOSAYNIYA, buildings specifically designed to serve as venues for Moḥarram ceremonies commemorating the martyrdom of Ḥosayn b. ʿAli (q.v.), and to accommodate visiting participants (Dehḵodā, Loḡat-nāma, s.v.). This name has also been used for certain branches of early Shiʿism and as a place name. Ḥosayniyas had been built in the…

ḤOSAYNIYA-YE MOŠIR, a ḥosayniya (q.v.) building located near the Bahārband-e Mošir in the Sang-e Siāh quarter of Shiraz, which is famous in particular for its exquisite tile paintings. It was built as an act of piety by Ḥāji Mirzā Abu’l-Ḥasan Khan Mošir-al-Molk-e Ṯāni (1226-1307/1811 or 1812-89), a wealthy Qajar dignitary,…

Hosaynqoli – Shur title Hosaynqoli – Shur genre/subdivision Dastgāh Šur language   performer Aqā Hosaynqoli instrument Tār recorded by   place of recording   date of recording   duration 3:28 source A Century of Tār 1. Mahoor Institute of Culture and Art, 2001 (MCD-72), track 2. Used with permission of…

ḤOSAYNQOLI  KHAN SARDĀR-E IRAVĀNI, important governor in the early Qajar period (b. ca. 1155/1742, d. 1246/1831). He was the son of Mo-ḥammad Khan Qājār, a member of the Qovānlu clan of the Qajars, who in the eighteenth century had governed Iravān (Erevan, q.v.). His birthplace is unknown. His occasional use…

Hosaynqoli – Hajiani title Hosaynqoli – Hajiani genre/subdivision Āvāz-e Dašti, guša Hajiani language   performer Ali Akbar Šahnāzi instrument Tār recorded by   place of recording   date of recording   duration 1:09 source Radif of Āqā Hoseyn-Qoli according to the version of Ostād Ali-Akbar šahnazi. Mahoor Institute of Culture…

ḤOSAYNQOLI, ĀQĀ, Persian musician (b. Tehran, 1270/1853, d. Tehran, 1334/1916; Figure 1), the son of Āqā ʿAli-Akbar Farāhāni, who was the most famous tār (the chief Persian plucked instrument) player at the court of Nāṣer-al-Din Shah (r. 1848-96). The father’s radif (repertoire) passed down to his sons, and it is…

ḤOSN O DEL, an allegorical work by Fattāḥi Nišāburi, which is closely connected subject with his other work Dastur-e ʿoššāq. The latter poem has 25,000 bayts in hazaj-e mosaddas-e maqṣur meter (mafāʿilon, mafāʿilon, mafāʿil) and sometimes the last part is omitted (mafāʿilon, mafāʿilon, faʿulon). The author, Yaḥyā Sibak Fattāḥi Nišāburi,…

ḤOSN-E TAʿLIL (lit. “beauty of rationale”), “fantastic etiology,” a rhetorical device among the fi;gures of ʿelm-e badiʿ (the science of rhetorical embellishment; see BADIʿ). It was included among the Persian poetical figures as early as Rāduyāni’s Tarjomān al-balāḡa (late 5th/11th century). According to Rāduyāni, poets employ this device when describing…

HOSSEIN, ANDRÉ AMINOLLAH, French composer of Persian origins (b. 1905 in Samarkand; d. 1983 in Paris; Figure 1). His father was a rich merchant, and his mother initiated him in-to music. He was studying in Moscow when the 1917 Revolution occurred. He then left for Germany and continued his studies…

HOSSEINI, MANSOUREH (Manṣura Ḥosayni Tabrizi, b. Tehran, 10 Šahrivar 1305 Š./1 September 1926; found dead, Tehran, 8 Tir  1391 Š./28 June 2012), pioneer modernist painter, writer, and gallerist, among the first Iranian artists who incorporated calligraphy in their modern works (FIGURE 1, FIGURE 2). LIFE Daughter of Mir ʿIsā and…

HOSTAGE CRISIS, the events following the seizure of the American embassy in Tehran by leftist Islamist students in 1979 with subsequent wide-ranging repercussions on Iran’s domestic politics as well as on U.S.-Iran relations. The crisis began on 4 November 1979, nine months after Moḥammad-Reżā Shah Pahalvi (r. 1941-79) had been…

HOTZ, ALBERT PAUL HERMAN, a Dutch collector and trader (b. Rotterdam, 22 January 1855; d. Cologny, near Geneva, 11 April 1930). Hotz was raised in an affluent Dutch family of Swiss origin. As a young man he traveled throughout western Europe, learning several languages and mingling with all classes of…