Explore Iranica

Ḥeṣār (part 2) title Ḥeṣār genre/topic Vocal radif, Dastgāh-e Čahārgāh, guša Ḥeṣār language   performer Mahmud Karimi instrument Voice composer  Mirzā ʿAbdollāh, Radif author/poet  Saʿdi and Jāmi first line of poem  Mowjam in bār čenān kašti-ye ṭāqat beškast To rā la’le šekar riz o marā češme gohar bār recorded by…

Ḥeṣār (part 3) title Ḥeṣār genre/topic Vocal radif, Dastgāh-e Segāh, guša Hesār language   performer Mahmud Karimi instrument Voice composer  Mirzā ʿAbdollāh, Radif author/poet  Sa‘di first line of poem  Az došmānān barand šekāyat be dustān recorded by   place of recording   date of recording   duration 2:05 source Vocal…

HESIOD (Gk. Hēsíodos), Greek epic poet, who lived about 700 B.C.E. and is the author of several didactic poems such as the Theogony “Genealogy of the gods” or its continuation, in a sense, the Catalogue of [mortal] Women. At least by mentioning for the first time the Scythians, Hesiod belongs…

HESYCHIUS (Gk. Hēsýchios), Greek lexicographer from Alexandria, whose lexicon records a number of Iranian words (6th or possibly 5th century C.E.). Judging by his name, he was a Christian; more is not known about him and cannot be determined. In the history of Greek lexicography Hesychius is transitional between the…

Heydar Bābā title Heydar Bābā genre/topic Tasnif language Azeri performer Alim Qasimov instrument Voice, Tār, Kamānča, Gavāl (daf) composer   author/poet  Shahryār, Moḥammad Ḥosayn first line of poem  Heydǝrbaba idırımlar şaxanda recorded by   place of recording   date of recording   duration 3:28 source Music from Azerbaidjan. Alim Qasimov,…

HIDALI (Akkadian Ḫidala, Ḫidali, Ḫidalu, Ḫajdalu; Neo-Elamite Hidali, Idali; Achaemenid Elamite Hidali), city and region in Elam; a residence of Elamite kings in the early 7th century B.C.E., a regional administrative center connected with Susa in the early 6th century B.C.E., and a regional administrative center connected with Persepolis in…

HILL, GEORGE FRANCIS noted numismatist, epigraphist, and Director of the British Museum (b. 22 December 1867, d. 18 October 1948; Figure 1). He was a leading Greek numismatist of his time in England, as well as a foremost scholar of Italian Renaissance medals; and his long career at the British…

HINDU (Hendu), denotes in Persian an inhabitant of the Indian Subcontinent as well as a follower of Hinduism. During almost three millennia, the eastern Iranians have lived in close contact with the Indians. Their mutual experiences left traces in historical memory, but also created images and stereotypes of an ethnic…

HINDU KUSH, the name given to the southwest range of the massive middle and south Asiatic mountain complex lying partly in Afghanistan and partly in Pakistan. The border with the Karakoram and the Hindu Raj is marked in the east by the deep saddle of the Baroghil (Bāruḡil) Pass (3,804…

HINDU PERSIAN POETS From the late 16th century Hindus contributed to the development of Indo-Persian literary culture in general, and to the output of Persian verse in particular. They made such a substantial and wide-ranging impact that Henry (Heinrich) Blochmann (q.v.) went so far as to claim that “before the…

HINZ, (A.) WALTHER German scholar of Persian and Elamite studies (b. 19 November 1906 in Stuttgart, d. 12 April 1992 in Göttingen; Figure 1). Hinz was born into a merchant’s family. From 1926, he pursued studies in Journalism, Eastern European, Slavonic, and Oriental Studies at the universities of Leipzig, Munich,…

HIPPOCRATES, or Boqrāṭ (var. Eboqrāṭ, Eboqrā-ṭis, Boqrāṭis) in Islamic tradition, where he is often referred to as “the first codifier of medicine.” He is traditionally, but without factual basis, said to have been born on the Island of Cos (Dodecanese) in about 460 and to have died in Larissa (Thessaly)…