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ḤASANVAND (or ḤASANAVAND), a Lor tribe of the Piškuh region in Lorestān. In the 1870s it numbered some 2,500 families distributed among 16 tiras (Houtum-Schindler, p. 87). Its winter quarters were around Jāydar, southwest of Ḵorramābād (Houtum-Schindler, p. 87). According to A. T. Wilson, by the beginning of the 20th…

ḤĀŠEM, RAḤIM (Rahim Mamedovič Hošimov), Tajik essayist, literary critic, and translator, who is considered to have been one of the founders of modern Tajik literature (b. in Samarkand, 5 October 1908, d. in Dushanbe, 1993; Figure 1). Like Ḥasan ʿErfān (q.v.), Ḥāšem belonged to the Shiʿite “Persian” (Ērāni) community of…

ḤASIBI, KĀẒEM, political figure and university professor (b. Tehran, 1324/1906; d. Tehran, 1369 Š./1990; Figure 1). Born to a merchant family, Ḥasibi graduated from the law school at Tehran (Madrasa-ye ʿali-e ḥoquq wa ʿolum-e siāsi) with distinction in 1928 and was among the first group of students sent to France…

HAŠT BEHEŠT (lit: “the Eight Heavens, the Eight paradises”), a cosmological concept used on several occasions as the title of literary works, or as the name of a particular architectural form in Persian, Turkish, and Indian contexts. The metaphorical use of this image appears early in New Persian poetry, as…

HAŠTPAR (or Šahr-e Ṭāleš “Ṭāleš City”), city in the western part of Gilān Province, center of the šahrestān (sub-provincial district) of Ṭāleš (or Tāleš).  The city is located at lat 37°48′ N, long 48°55′ E, at the head of the delta of the Kargānrud River.  Like Rudsar in eastern Gilān,…

HAŠTPĀY, name of a game from the Sasanian era which has not been precisely identified. The haštpāy [hštp’y] “eight feet” (more likely than aštapād) is mentioned together with other games in chapter 15 of the Xusraw ud Rēdag (ud pad čatrang ud nēw-ardaxšīr ud haštpāy kardan az hamahlānfrāztar hom “and…

HAŠTRUD, a sub-province (šahrestān) in the south of Azerbaijan, situated between 36° 45’ and 37° 24’ N. and 46° 25’ and 47° 24’ E, some 134 km from Tabriz and 101 km from Miāna Sub-province. It covers 6,240 km2 with an average elevation of 1,150 m. The major river in…

HAŠTRUDI (Hachtroudi), MOḤSEN, (1907-1976; Figure 1) contemporary Iranian mathematician and popular lecturer. He was born in Tabriz on 22 Dey 1286 Š./12 January 1907 and received his primary education in that city. He then moved to Tehran, where he finished his secondary education at the Dār al-fonun school (q.v.) in…

ḤĀTAMI, ʿALI, eminent Iranian scriptwriter and film director (b. Tehran, 1944; d. Tehran, 1996; Figure 1). Born to a typesetter father and a homemaker mother, Ḥātami received an early exposure to music and film thanks to the patronage of his uncles. After attending scriptwriting workshops during his high school years,…

HATARIA, MANEKJI LIMJI (مانکجی لیمجی هاتریا), emissary of the Parsis of India to the Zoroastrians of Iran from 1854 to 1890 (b. Mora Sumali, Surat district, 2 January 1813; d. Tehran, 15 February 1890; Figure 1). LIFE AND WORK In India. Hataria’s birthdate is given as 31 Āḏar (Kadmi reckoning) 1227…

HĀTEF, SAYYED AḤMAD EṢFAHĀNI (d. Qom 1198/1783), an influential poet of the 18th century. He belonged to the first generation of poets who rejected what they saw as the excesses of the so-called Indian style (sabk-e Hendi), and adopted a poetical idiom closer to the stylistic principles of early Persian…