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ḤASAN BAṢRI, ABU SAʿID B. ABI’L-ḤASAN YASĀR, an important early Muslim preacher, theologian, jurist, Koran-reciter, and ascetic (21-110/642-728). His earliest substantial biography was compiled by Ebn Saʿd (d. 230/845), who gives Ḥasan a place of honor among the Followers (tābeʿun, those who met the Companions of the Prophet, but not…

ḤASAN BEG RUMLU (b. Qom, 937/1530-31), author of Aḥsan al-tawāriḵ (q.v.) and a cavalryman(qurči) of the Rumlu Turkman tribe of qezelbāš during the reign of Shah Ṭahmāsb Ṣafawi. Eskandar Beg Torkamān (I, p. 54, tr. Savory, I, p. 89) called him Ḥasan-Solṭān Rumlu and mentioned him as one of the…

ḤASAN GĀNGU (Kāngu or Kānku), ʿALĀ ʿ-AL-DIN ḤASAN BAHMANŠĀH (r. 748-59/1347-57), a Khorasani adventurer at the court of Delhi, who claimed descent from the Sasanian Bahrām Gōr (Ferešta, I, p. 277) and founded the Bahmanid sultanate of the Decca. He was the son of a certain Keykāvus, whose full name,…

ḤASAN II, ʿALĀ ḎEKREHE’L-SALĀM, Nezāri Ismaʿili Imam and the fourth ruler of Alamut (557-61/1162-66). Born in 520/1126, Ḥasan II, whom the Nezāris call ʿalā Ḏekrehe’l-salām (on his mention be peace), succeeded to the leadership of the Nezāri Ismaʿili daʿwa and state on the death of the third ruler of Alamut,…

ḤASAN ṢABBĀḤ, prominent Ismaʿili dāʿi (q.v.) and founder of the medieval Nezāri Ismaʿili state (b. Qom, mid-440s/1050s, d. Alamut, 518/1124). Little information is available on the early life of Ḥasan Ṣabbāḥ, who was referred to as Sayyednā (our master) by his contemporary Nezāri Ismaʿilis. The colorful story, accord-ing to which…

ḤASAN ŠIRĀZI, MIRZĀ MOḤAMMAD, often referred to as Mirzā-ye Širāzi, leading Shiʿite cleric chiefly renowned for the role he played in the celebrated Tobacco Boycott of 1892 (b. Shiraz, 1230/1814, d. Sāmar-rāʾ 1312/1895). He is occasionally designated as the “renewer of the religion” (mojadded) of the 13th century of the…

ḤASAN-E ḠAZNAVI, SAYYED EMĀM AŠRAF ḤASAN B. MOḤAMMAD ḤOSAYNI, known also as Sayyed Ašraf or Sayyed Ḥasan, poet chiefly associated with the court of the Ghaznavid ruler Bahrāmšāh (q.v.). His date of birth is unknown; he died probably around 556/1161 (see Storey/de Blois, V/2, pp. 333-36). He traced his descent…

ḤASAN-ʿALI BEG BESṬĀMI, one of Nāder Shah’s closest associates, held the title moʿayyer al-mamālek or “chief assayer” and played an important advisory role throughout Nāder’s reign. Apparently a slave of Armenian or Georgian origin, Ḥasan-ʿAli had entered royal service in Sultan Ḥosayn’s time, becoming an important Safavid official by the…

ḤASANI, ABU’L-ʿABBĀS AḤMAD B. EBRĀHIM, Zaydi scholar from Āmol in Ṭabarestān, who flourished in the first half of the 3rd/9th century and taught three Caspian Zaydi imams. His full lineage is Aḥmad b. Ebrāhim b. Ḥasan b. Ebrāhim b. Ḥasan b. Moḥammad b. Solaymān b. Dāwud b. Ḥasan b. Ḥasan…

ḤASANLU TEPPE, the name of an archeological site located in western Azerbaijan Province in northwest Persia, a short distance southwest of Lake Urmia (former Reżāʾiya). This entry will be treated in two sections: the site and the ‘gold bowl of Ḥasanlu’ which was found at the site in 1958. i….

ḤASANLU TEPPE i. THE SITE Ḥasanlu Tepe is the largest site in the Qadar River valley and dominates the small plain known as Solduz. The site (37°00’ N, 45°13’ E) consists of a 25-m high central “Citadel” mound surrounded by a low Outer Town, 8 m above the surrounding plain….

ḤASANLU TEPPE ii. THE GOLDEN BOWL The context. The ‘gold bowl of Ḥasanlu’ was found in the debris of Burned Building I West on the Citadel Mound at Ḥasanlu in 1958. It had fallen into room 9 in the southeastern corner of the building where, at the end of the…