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HAOMA i. BOTANY Haoma is the Avestan name for a plant and its divinity, Mid. Pers. hōm, Sogd. xwm, Pers. and other living Iranian languages hōm, hūm and related forms, Skt. soma, living Indic languages som, soma (Flattery and Schwartz, p. 68 with Table 3; Steblin-Kamenskij, 1972, pp. 138 ff.;…

HAOMA ii. THE RITUALS YASNA Haoma yields the essential ingredient for the parahaoma, Pahl. parahōm, the consecrated liquid prepared during the main act of worship, the Yasna, and its extensions, the Visperad and Vendidad. Basic similarities between the Zoroastrian and Brahmanic haoma/soma rites (Haug, pp. 281-83; Henry; Thieme, pp. 71-77)…

ḤAQIQAT, six different Persian-language newspapers or periodicals have been published under the title Ḥaqiqat (Truth), two of them in Tehran, and the remainder in Rašt, Isfahan, Kabul and Aarhus (Denmark) respectively. In fact, Rabino (no. 89), and a group following his lead, have incorrectly listed the Nāma-ye Ḥaqiqat as another…

ḤAQIQAT, title of several newspapers in Tajik Persian. The word ḥaqiqat “truth” is apparently a rendering of Russian Pravda, the title of the famous Russian newspaper. In Tajikistan, these periodicals belonged to local administrative units, including towns, regions (raion) and provinces (welāyat). They were often renamed and, along with the…

HARAHUVATIŠ. See ARACHOSIA; ROḴAJ.

HARAIVA. See HERAT I.

HARĀT. See HERĀT.

HARAXVATIŠ. See ARACHOSIA; ROḴAJ.

Harāy-āhang-e bolbol title Harāy-āhang-e bolbol genre/topic Romance of Zohre and Tāher language Khorasani Turkish performer Rowšan Golafruz instrument Voice and dotār composer   author/poet   first line of poem  nә yatubsan dur әyaqә bülbül ‘Why do you sleep, wake up nightingale’ recorded by Ameneh Youssefzadeh place of recording Molābāqer -…

HARDINGE, Sir ARTHUR HENRY, British diplomat (b. London, 12 October 1859, d. East Sheen, 27 December 1933). Arthur was the only son of General the Hon. Sir A. E. Hardinge and a cousin of Viscount Hardinge of Penshurst (q.v.). He was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford, and was…

HARDINGE,  Lord CHARLES, First Baron Hardinge of Penshurst, (b. London, 1858, d. Penshurst, Kent, 1944.) Charles, the second son of Viscount Hardinge, entered the British Diplomatic Service in 1880 after attending Harrow School and Trinity College, Cambridge. Able, well-connected, and a friend of King Edward VII, he rose rapidly after…

HAREM (Ar. and Pers. lw. ḥaram “sanctuary,” from ḥarim, lit. “something forbidden”), wives and other female associates in former aristocratic families and the secluded quarter of a house reserved for them. The most frequently used Persian synonyms are šabestān, moškōy and andarun (q.v.). In Classical New Persian ḵāna-ye zanān “house…