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ḠALYĀN or QALYĀN (nargileh), a water pipe chiefly used in the Middle East and Central Asia for smoking tobacco (Syr. Ar: nafas; called ḥoqqa in India; čelam/čelīm in Afghanistan; Pūr-e Dāwūd, pp. 208-9). Tobacco was reportedly introduced into Persia by the Portuguese in the early 16th century. Shah ʿAbbās I…

GAMBRON. See BANDAR ʿABBĀS.

GANĀVA, county (šahrestān) and port city on the Persian Gulf in the province of Būšehr (q.v.). County. The county is bordered in the north by the cities of Behbahān (q.v.) and Bandar-e Māhšahr (q.v.; in Ḵūzestān) and the county of Gačsārān (q.v., in Kūhgīlūya and Boir Aḥmadī province), in the…

GANDĀPŪR, one of two Šērānī Pashtun/Paxtun tribal segments (the other being the Baḵtīār), who claim origin in southwestern Afghanistan and acknowledge descent from a male, non-Pashtun sayyed ancestor. They numbered about 8,000 in the early 20th century, occupying an area of approximately 460 square miles in the western foothills of…

GANDĀPŪR, ŠĒR-MOḤAMMAD Khan b. Mehrdād Khan b. Āzād Khan, author of the Persian Tawārīḵ-e ḵoršīd-e jahān, an important chronicle containing genealogical accounts and tables of Pashtun/Paxtun tribal groups. He belonged to the Ebrāhīmzay section of the Gandāpūr (q.v.) Pashtun tribal segment. His dates of birth and death are not known….