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FARNŪDSĀR. See NAẒEM-AL-AṬEBBĀʾ.

FARŌḴŠI, the name of a Zoroastrian ceremony for departed souls (Av. fravaši-, q.v.), also called Farošīn (Av. genitive plural fravašīnąm-), in Irani Zoroastrian dialect Parošīn. The text of the ceremony consists of the recital of Farvardīn yašt (q.v.), whereby the souls of the just are reverenced and offerings consecrated for…

FARR(AH), XᵛARƎNAH, literally, “glory,” according to the most likely etymology and the semantic function reconstructed from its occurrence in various contexts and phases of the Iranian languages. In all Iranian dialects the form had initial f-, except Avestan and Pahlavi, in which we find initial xᵛ- (hṷ-): xᵛarənah- and xwarrah…

FARR(AH) ii. ICONOGRAPHY OF FARR(AH)/XᵛARƎNAH In terms of iconographic representation, there is perhaps no more dominant a theme than farr in pre-Islamic imagery. Farr not only portended auspiciousness, but was also perceived as a necessary source of power, and ultimately a source of authority. In a court culture, which placed…

FARRANT, Colonel FRANCIS (b. 1803 [?]; d. 1868), British soldier and diplomat. Farrant was gazetted a lieutenant in the Bombay Light Cavalry in 1823. He went to Persia with Colonel Passmore’s military mission in 1833, remaining there until 1852. After the death of Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah (q.v.) in 1834, Farrant, along…

FARROḴ, Sayyed MAḤMŪD (b. Mašhad, 23 Jomādā II 1314/29 Nov. 1896; d. Mašhad, 2 Ordībehešt 1360 Š./22 April 1981; Figure 1), litterateur, poet, Majles deputy, and executive. Farroḵ was born to Sayyed Aḥmad Jawāherī (pen name Dānā) and Bībī Ṭūbā Jawāherī, a cousin of Sayyed Aḥmad. He received his elementary…

FARROḴI (فرّخی), township on the southern edge of the Great Desert, in Ḵur-Biābānak Sub-province, Isfahan Province. Farroḵi is an isolated oasis on the southern fringes of the Dašt-e Kavir (see DESERT) in central Persia.  Situated at lat 33°50.5′ N and long 54°57.0′ E, 2,735 feet above sea level, Farroḵi belongs to…

FARROḴĪ SĪSTĀNĪ, ABU’L-ḤASAN ʿALĪ b. Jūlūḡ, Persian court poet. According to the earliest notice on his life, contained in the second essay of Neẓāmī ʿArūżī’s Čahār maqāla (ed. Qazvīnī, pp. 58–65), his father Jūlūḡ was a military slave (ḡolām) of Amir Aḥmad Ḵalaf-e Bānū, the Saffarid ruler of Sīstān (r….

FARROḴĪ YAZDĪ, MOḤAMMAD, (1889-1939), journalist and poet and an early advocate of socialist revolution in Persia. Farroḵī was born in Yazd, and began writing poetry while still attending a British missionary school there. Many details of his life are wrapped in anecdotes possibly made up for adulatory purposes, and towards…

FARROḴZĀD, ABŪ ŠOJĀʿ, b. Masʿūd b. Maḥmūd, Ghaznavid sultan of Afghanistan and northern India (443-52/1052-59). He succeeded in Ḡazna after the traumatic events of the reign of his uncle ʿAbd al-Rašīd (q.v.; ca. 440-43/1049-52), whose power had been usurped by the slave commander Ṭoḡrel; Ghaznavid authority was restored only after…