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FARHANG-E RAŠĪDĪ, a Persian dictionary compiled in India in 1064/1654 by the poet and scholar ʿAbd-al- Rašīd b. ʿAbd-al-Ḡafūr Ḥosaynī Tattavī (q.v.). ʿAbd-al-Rašīd was also the author of the Arabic-Persian dictionary Montaḵab al-loḡāt, compiled in 1046/1636-37, and of a short tract on Arabicized Persian vocabulary, Resāla-ye moʿarrabāt. The Farhang-e rašīdī…

FARHANG-E SORŪRĪ, a dictionary of the Persian language, also known as Majmaʿ al-fors and Loḡat-e Sorūrī, compiled by the Persian poet Moḥammad-Qāsem Sorūrī, who was born in Kāšān and lived in Isfahan, was known to his contemporaries as a man of outstanding literary erudition who knew over thirty thousand verses…

FARHANG-E TĀRĪḴĪ-E ZABĀN-E FĀRSĪ, a comprehensive historical dictionary of the Persian language, of which only one volume has been published so far (P. N. Ḵānlarī, ed., Farhang-e tārīḵī-e zabān-e fārsī I: Ā-B, Tehran, 1357 Š./1978). The Department of Persian Lexicography of the Bonyād-e farhang-e Īrān (q.v.) began the project of…

FARHANG-EWAFĀʾI (or Resāla-ye Wafāʾi), a Persian lexicon of some 2,425 mainly literary terms, compiled by Ḥosayn Wafāʾi in 933/1527 and dedicated to the Safavid Shah Ṭahmāsb I (r. 1524-76). Entrees are arranged according to their final letters in twenty-six chapters (bāb) that are subdivided into sections (faṣl) in alphabetical order….

FARHANG-E ZABĀN-E TĀJĪKĪ (Farhangi zaboni tojikī, Tajik Language Dictionary), a descriptive dictionary of classical Persian in two volumes (1,900 pages). It was compiled at the Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature of the Tajik Academy of Sciences and published in 33,000 copies by the Sovetskaya Īntsiklopediya Press (Moscow, 1969). Its…

FARHANGESTĀN, a term for “academy” which gained currency in the 20th century to denote an association of scholars. It is used in particular as the abbreviated form of Farhangestān-e Zabān-e Īrān, an organization which was established by the government as a body concerned with the promotion of Persian culture, especially…

FARĪBORZ, son of Key Kāvūs. Ṭabarī (I, p. 605) and Balʿamī (ed. Bahār, I, p. 603) have recorded his name as Borzāfarah, whereas Ebn al-Balḵī (pp. 44-45) has it as Zarāfah. The author of the Mojmal al-tawārīḵ (ed. Bahār, p. 29) refers to him as Borzfarī, which, according to him,…

FARĪBORZ, b. Salār. See ŠARVĀNŠĀH.

FARĪD b. Shaikh Maʿrūf BHAKKARĪ, author of an important biographical dictionary in Persian of Mughal notables, the Ḏaḵīrat al-ḵawanīn. Nothing is known of the life of Shaikh Farīd Bhakkarī beyond the few autobiographical details mentioned in his book. From these, it appears that he was in the bureaucratic service of…

FARĪDES FARĀYENĪ (or Eṣfahānī), Malek-al-Šoʿarāʾ Ḵᵛāja FARĪD-AL-DĪN AḤWAL (the squint-eyed), 13th-century Persian poet, whose dates of birth and death are not known (d. after 663/1264). After receiving the traditional education of the time, he left his home town for Isfahan, where he entered the service of the Āl-e Ṣāʿed (see…

FARĪD KĀTEB, scribe active in Shiraz in the 10th/16th century. He is known exclusively through signed works. The most famous is a fine manuscript of Solṭān Ḥosayn Mīrzā’s Majāles al-ʿoššāq in the Bodleian Library, Oxford (Ouseley Add. 24). The colophon is signed Farīd al-Kāteb and dated Ḏu’l-Ḥejja 959 /October-November 1552,…