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FAḴR-E MODABBER, pen-name of Moḥammad b. Manṣūr b. Saʿīd, entitled Mobārakšāh, author of two prose works in Persian written in India in the late 6th/12th and early 7th/13th century, a book on genealogy with no formal title and the famous Ādāb al-ḥarb wa’l-šajāʿa (q.v.). Most of the available information about…

FAḴRĀʾĪ, EBRĀHĪM REŻĀZĀDA (b. 1278/1899 in Rašt, d. 16 Bahman 1366 Š./5 February 1988 in Tehran), educator, journalist, lawyer, and scholar. His father, Ḥājī Reżā, was a merchant in Rašt and a member of the Provincial Council (Anjoman-e eyālatī) of Gīlān during the Constitutional Revolution (q.v.). Ebrāhīm began his education…

FAḴRĪ HERAVĪ, SOLṬĀN-MOḤAMMAD b. Moḥammad Amīr Khan (or Solṭān) Amīrī Heravī (b. Herat, ca. 903/1497, d. probably in Agra, after 974/1566), poet, scholar, and Sufi who wrote on various aspects of the poetic art. His father was also a poet, who had adopted the pen name Amīrī (Golčīn-e Maʿānī, Kārvān-e…

FĀḴTA, an obsolete Persian name (older *fāḵtak/g;cf. the pl. fāḵtagān; arabicized as fāḵeta, pl. fawāḵet; see also Schapka, no. 577, p. 180) for a columbine bird, most probably the so-called “collared turtle dove,” Streptopelia decaocto Frivaldszky (order Columbiformes), mentioned in classical Persian poetry mainly as a spring songbird. Manūčehrī Dāmḡānī…

FĀL-ASĪRĪ, Ḥājj Sayyed ʿALĪ-AKBAR, prominent mojtahed of Shiraz (1256-1319/1840-1901; Encyclopædia Iranica | Articles). Born in Asīr, a village in the Galadār district of Fārs, he studied religious sciences there under Shaikh Moḥammad Asīrī before coming to Shiraz in the 1270s/1850s to study with Ḥājj Shaikh Mahdī Kojūrī, from whom he…

FĀL-NĀMA, a book of presages and omens (see DIVINATION). The narrower and more common use of the term, equivalent to “bibliomancy,” is confined to texts used as material for divination by the reader directly or through a fortune-teller. These texts may also contain their own manuals of interpretations, a kind…

Falak-e Matam title Falak-e Matam genre/topic Falak, robā‘iyāt language Tajik Persian performer Mosavvar Minak (b. 1933), robāb and voice Zuqubeyk Gorminj, setār Beyk Mohammad Vātan Šāhzādeh, dayra instrument Robāb; Setār; Dāyra; Voice composer   author/poet   first line of poem Dunyā hama hič kār-e dunyā [ey] dunyā hama hič recorded…

FALAKA (also falak, čūb o falak), one of the most common instruments of corporal punishment in Persia. The victim would be made to lie down on his back, and his feet would be fastened to a pole of about 2-3 m long with a loop in the middle made of…

FALĀḴAN (a sling), a term probably derived from the Avestan fradaxšanā- (Darmesteter, II, p. 215, n. 38; AirWb., col. 981). Asadī Ṭūsī (Loḡat-e fors, ed. Mojtabāʾī and Ašraf, pp. 197-98), quoting a verse by Rūdakī, defined falāḵan as kalāsang. Kalāsang/qalmāsang is described as a device “woven from wool or silk…

FALAKĪ ŠARVĀNĪ (ŠERVĀNĪ), Abu’l-Neẓām Moḥammad, a Persian poet of the first half of the 6th/12th century. The only ruler mentioned in his published poems is the Šarvānšāh Manūčehr II, who ruled ca. 516-55/1122-61 (for these dates see Storey and de Blois, V/2, p. 248, n. 2). It is thus likely…

FALĀṬŪRĪ, ʿABD-AL-JAWĀD (b. Isfahan, 29 Dey 1304 Š./19 January 1926 ; d. Berlin 10 Dey 1375 Š./30 December 1996), professor of Islamic studies at Cologne University (1974-96). Falāṭūrī studied Arabic literature and the Islamic sciences with private tutors in his hometown of Isfahan while attending a German-Persian high school. He…