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FAGERGREN, CONRAD GUSTAF (b. Stockholm, 7 August 1818, d. Shiraz, 10 October 1879), Swedish physician in Shiraz, 1266-96/1848-79. Fagergren was the son of a wood-carver and was first trained as a bath attendant and barber-surgeon. Later he studied medicine in Stockholm and traveled in Europe, eventually enrolling in Russian military…

FAHHĀD, FARĪD-AL-DĪN ABU’L-ḤASAN ʿALĪ, b. ʿAbd-al-Karīm Šarvānī (fl. 6th/12th cent.; he is sometimes called by his father’s name ʿAbd-al-Karīm), the most prolific producer of astronomical tables (zīj) in the Islamic world. He is credited with a total of six tables, all of which are lost. There are three lists of…

FAHLAVĪYĀT (sing.: fahlavīya, Arabicized form of Persian pahlavī, in its original sense of Parthian), an appellation given especially to the quatrains and by extension to the poetry in general composed in the old dialects of the Pahla/Fahla regions. According to Ebn al-Moqaffaʿ (in Fehrest, ed. Tajaddod, p. 15, tr. Dodge,…

FAHLĪĀN, a rural district (dehestān) situated 12 km northwest of Nūrābād in the Mamassanī šahrestān. It consists of the plain of Fahlīān and foothills. The Fahlīān River irrigates the plain only, and the foothills, despite being fertile, remain uncultivated due to lack of water. Two tributaries, one of fresh water…

FAHRAJ, subdistrict (dehestān) and town in the Persian province of Yazd. The town (31ò 46’ N, 54ò 35’ E), 1270 m above sea level, is located 30 km southeast of Yazd on the main road to Bāfq and on the foothill of Čalta mountain (Farhang-e joḡrāfiāʾi,p. 70). In 1996 the…

FAḴR-al-DĪNZARRĀDĪ, MAWLĀNĀ, an 8th/14th century spiritual leader of the Češtī Sufi order in India. He hailed from Sāmāna (Ḥamīd, p. 64), but nothing else is known about his life prior to his involvement with the order. In Delhi he attended the assemblies of Mawlānā Faḵr-al-Dīn Hānsawī, where the renowned shaikh…

FAḴR-AL-MOLK b. Neẓām al-Molk, ABU’L-FATḤ MOẒAFFAR (b. 434/1043; d. 500/1106-7), eldest son of the great Saljuq vizier and himself vizier to the Saljuq sultans Barkīāroq (q.v.; 485-98/1092-1105) and Moḥammad b. Malekšāh (498-511/1105-18). He seems to have had no qualifications for office beyond the distinguished name of his father. In 488/1095,…