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DAYRAL-ʿĀQŪL (lit., “the monastery at the bend in the river”; cf. Syriac ʿaqûlā “bend”; Payne Smith, II, cols. 2963-65), a medieval town in Iraq situated on the Tigris 15 farsangs (= 80 km) southeast of Baghdad. It presumably grew up around a Christian monastery, but the latter had apparently disappeared…

DAYR-E GAČĪN (lit., “gypsum hospice”), Sasanian caravansary situated in the desert halfway between Ray and Qom, on the ancient route from Ray to Isfahan (Plate X). It is recorded in most early Muslim geographies (see, e.g. Ebn Rosta, p. 191), with the name sometimes given in Arabic as Dayr al-jeṣṣ. According…

DAYSAM b. Ebrāhīm KORDĪ, ABŪ SĀLEM, Kurdish commander who ruled sporadically in Azerbaijan between 326/938 and 344/955 after the period of Sajid domination there. Daysam is described as the son of a Kurdish mother and an Arab father who had been a partisan of the Kharijite Hārūn Wāzeqī at Mosul during…

DAʿĪ (he who summons), a term used by several Muslim groups, especially the Ismaʿilis, to designate their propagandists or missionaries. It was adopted by the ʿAbbasid daʿwa, or mission, in Khorasan (see ʿABBASID CALIPHATE) and by the early Muʿtazilites, but it soon became particularly identified with certain Shiʿite groups, for…

DĀʿĪ, pen name of AḤMAD b. Ebrāhīm b. Moḥammad, Turkish scholar and poet who wrote in both Persian and Turkish. From the little information found in taḏkeras and Dāʿī’s own work, it is known that he lived during the latter part of the 14th century and the first half of…

DĀʿĪ, MĪRZĀ ŠAMS-AL-DĪN BOḴĀRĪ (d. 1303/ 1885), poet from Bukhara, probably born during the reign of Amir Naṣr-Allāh (1242-77/1827-60). He was appointed secretary by Nūr-al-Dīn, the Manghit governor of Čārjūy. His career illustrates the life of a provincial court poet in the Bukharan emirate and the continuation of the tradition…

DĀʿĪ ELAʾL-ḤAQQ, ABŪ ʿABD-ALLĀH MOḤAMMAD b. Zayd b. Moḥammad b. Esmāʿīl b. Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭāleb (d. 287/900), brother and successor of Ḥasan b. Zayd, founder of Zaydī rule in Rūyān and Ṭabarestān. Nothing is known about the date of his birth and his youth. It seems likely,…

DĀʿĪ JĀN NĀPELʾON (lit., “Uncle Napoleon”), a satirical novel written in 1348-49 Š./1969-70 by Īraj Pezeškzād, who was already known in Persia for such satirical novels as Hājī Mamjaʿfar dar Pārīs (Tehran, 1333 Š./1954) and Aṣḡar Āqā Kal Meytī, as well as the weekly column “Āsemūn o rīsmūn” in the…

DĀʿĪ ŠĪRĀZĪ, AL-DĀʿĪ ELAʾLLĀH SAYYED NEẒĀM-­AL-DĪN MAḤMŪD (810-70/1407-65), known as Shah Dāʿī, poet, preacher, and leader of the Neʿmat-Allāhī Sufi order in Fārs. He was a descendent of Ḥasan b. Qāsem, known as al- Dāʿī al-Ṣaḡīr, the fourth dāʿī (304-16/916-28) of the ʿAlid dynasty of Ṭabarestān (see ʿalids); hence his…

DĀʿĪ-AL-ESLĀM, SAYYED MOḤAMMAD-ʿALĪ, Per­sian scholar, preacher, and lexicographer, born 1295/1878 at Lārījān. After receiving his early educa­tion at Āmol and Tehran, in 1316/1898 he went to Isfahan to continue his studies under the guidance of such respected religious teachers as Āḵūnd Mollā Moḥammad Kāšī, Jahāngīr Khan Qašqāʾī and Āqā Khan…

DAʿWAT AL-ESLĀM, a biweekly Persian journal published in Bombay by Ḥājj Sayyed Moḥammad Dāʿī-al-Eslām from 1 Ramażān 1324/19 October 1906 until the end of 1326/1909; it was the organ of an association of the same name, which had its center in Bombay. The journal was religious, and its contributors engaged in…

DAʿWAT-E ESLĀMĪ (The Islamic call), a monthly religious journal published in Kermānšāh from Jomādā II 1346/November-December 1927 to Tīr 1315 Š./June 1936. Beginning in the fourth year only ten issues were published a year, with a religious treatise substituted for the other two. The first issue was identified as number…