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DĀD, a vocal and instrumental gūša (motif), in reality more of a melodic type than a modal structure. It is played only in the Māhūr modal system (dastgāh), at the beginning of the development section, on the basic Māhūr scale (māya): (A, B), C, D, E, F, G, A, with…

DĀD (lit., “justice”), a Tehran afternoon newspaper issued daily from 20 Mehr 1321 Š./12 October 1942 to 27 Farvardīn 1340 Š./16 April 1961, with four brief interruptions when it was banned. The publisher and managing editor was Abu’l-Ḥasan ʿAmīdī Nūrī (1323-1401 = 1360 Š./1905-81), a lawyer and representative for Māzandarān…

DĀD NASK (law book), one of the three divisions of the Avesta, comprising seven nasks, subdi­vided into the five strictly legal (dādīg) nasks (Nikātum, Duzd-sar-nizad, Huspāram, Sakātum, and Vidēvdād) and the two disparate nasks, Čihrdād and Bagān Yašt (Dēnkard, ed. Madan, II, p. 678; West, p. 7). The original Avestan…

DĀDARŠIŠ, Old Persian name derived from darš “to dare” (Kent, Old Persian, p. 189). Three men with this name are known. The first was satrap of Bactria under Darius I (522-­486 b.c.e.). When Margians became rebellious Darius ordered this Dādaršiš, his servant, to quell the revolt. The Margians were defeated…

DĀDESTĀN (dād “law,” with the formative suffix -stān), a Middle Persian term used with denota­tions and connotations that vary with the legal, reli­gious, philosophical, and social context. As a legal term it has four referents. First, it refers to civil law, as distinct from dād (canon law) or kardag (tradi­tional orthodox…

DĀDESTĀN Ī DĒNĪG (Religious judgements), Pahlavi work by Manūščihr, high priest of the Persian Zoroastrian community in the 9th century C.E. It comprises an introduction and ninety-two (ninety-four in the translation of E. W. West, who counted the introduction and an irrelevant section at the end of the manuscript) miscellaneous…

DĀDESTĀN Ī MĒNŌG Ī XRAD (Judgments of the Spirit of Wisdom), a Zoroastrian Pahlavi book in sixty-three chapters (a preamble and sixty-two ques­tions and answers), in which a symbolic character called Dānāg (lit., “knowing, wise”) poses questions to the personified Spirit of Wisdom (Mēnōg ī xrad), who is extolled in…

DĀDGAR, ḤOSAYN (b. Tehran ca. 1299/1881, d. 1349 Š./1970; Bāmdād, Rejāl VI, p. 93), ʿAdl-al-Molk, at various times president of the Persian Majles, cabi­net minister, and senator under the Qajar and Pahlavi dynasties. He was the son of a merchant and was educated in theology and jurisprudence, philosophy, history, and…

DĀDIŠOʿ, East Syrian monk, second abbot of the Great monastery on Mount Izla (6th-7th century CE). Thomas, bishop of Marga and author of a Historia monastica in the ninth century, presents him as “the meek and lowly Mār Dādišoʿ” (Budge, 1893, I, pp. 36-37 ; II, pp. 65-66). The Liber castitatis…

DĀDĪŠOʿ (Syr. “beloved of Jesus”; Payne Smith, col. 824, s.v.; Pers. “given by Jesus”; Justi, Namenbuch, p. 75, s.v. Dādhyešūʿ), catholicus of the Sasanian “Nestorian” church in 420/21-455/56 c.e. (Labourt, p. 120 n. 3), following the short incumbencies of Maʿna and Farbokt, who were both deposed. The new Sasanian monarch,…

DĀDIŠOʿ QAṬRĀYĀ (late 7th century CE), Nestorian author of ascetic literature in Syriac. Presumably a native of Qaṭar, as his surname suggests, Dādišoʿ seems to have become a monk at the otherwise unknown monastery of Rab-kennārē before dwelling for a time at the monastery of Rabban Šābūr (near Šostar [Šūštar,…