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BRỊTʾIATỊ (COPANỊ FỊRT) ELBỊZDỊQO (Russian Elbyzdyko Britaev), playwright regarded as the founder of Ossetic drama, b. in Dalagkau, North Ossetia, the Caucasus, 22 (= 10 Julian Calendar) March 1881, d. 25 September 1923. His first plays (two short comedies) were published in 1905; he was subsequently exiled from Ossetia for…

Search terms:  باقلا baghala baaghaalaa  

BROCKELMANN, CARL, German orientalist, born in Rostock 17 September 1868, died in Halle/Saale 6 May 1956. Brockelmann pursued Oriental studies, classical philology, and history in Rostock, Breslau, and Strasburg. He took his Ph.D. degree in Strasburg, in 1890, under the direction of Th. Nöldeke and his Dr. habil. degree in…

BRONZE i. In pre-Islamic Iran. ii. In Islamic Iran.   Search terms:  برنز bronze bronz  

BRONZE i. In Pre-Islamic Iran When tin is alloyed with copper, it decreases the temperature at which the two metals will melt, increases fluidity during casting, and acts as a deoxidant (Ber­thoud et al., 1982, pp. 48-49). Although the amount of tin that must be present for bronze to be…

BRONZE ii. In Islamic Iran The most important copper-tin alloy used in Islamic Iran was a high-tin bronze with a tin content of about 20 percent. The production of bronze alloys was depen­dent on the supply of components. Copper mines were common in Iran, but tin was not produced in…

BRONZE AGE, in Iranian archeology a term used informally for the period from the rise of trading towns in Iran, ca. 3400-3300 B.C., to the beginning of the Iron Age, ca. 1400-1300 B.C. It was originally adopted as part of a chronological system based on assumptions about successive changes in…

BRONZES OF LURISTAN, the accepted term for a distinct body of metalwork produced in the first half of the first millennium B.C. and characterized by a wide range of idiosyncratic forms and a highly stylized conception of human and animal representation. These bronzes are to be distinguished from material excavated…

BROWNE, EDWARD GRANVILLE, eminent British Iranologist, born on the family estate Gloucestershire, 7 February 1862, died near Cambridge, 5 January 1926. i. Browne’s life and academic career. ii. Browne on Babism and Bahaism. iii. Browne and the Persian Constitutional movement.   Browne’s Life and Academic Career E. G. Browne came…

BRYDGES, Sir HARFORD JONES (1764-1847), English diplomat and author, ambassador to the court of Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah Qājār from 1807 to 1811. Born Harford Jones of a Herefordshire family, he assumed the additional name of Brydges (from his maternal grandmother’s family) by royal dispensation in 1836. As a young man he…

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