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BOYLE, JOHN ANDREW (1916-78), British oriental­ist. He was born at Worcester Park, Surrey, England, on 10 March 1916. His father was a versatile bibliophile and translator, who became Bolivian consul in Birming­ham. Boyle himself graduated with First Class Honors in German at Birmingham University and subsequently studied oriental languages at…

BOYŪTĀT-E SALṬANATĪ (lit. royal houses), in the Safavid period (907-1145/1501-1732) departments and production workshops within the royal household serving primarily the needs of the court and usually located inside the palace precincts in Isfahan. The following terms have the same meaning: (kār-ḵāna-ye) boyūtāt-e maʿmūra (Minorsky, text, fols. 9b, 45b; Dānešpažūh,…

BOZ, the domestic goat. The earliest evidence for the domestication of the goat has been found in Iran (ca. 10,000 b.c.), as have the largest number of prehistoric sites (ca. 7000 b.c.) showing traces of the systematic breeding of this animal (Tétry, IV, pp. 1158-59; Epstein, II, pp. 224-25). The…

BOZBĀŠ, Azeri Turkish name for an Iranian dish usually called ābgūšt-e sabzī (green vegetable stew; Ghanoonparvar, pp. 102-03; see ābguᵛšt); it is made with meat (usually lamb), red or white beans, green vegetables, herbs (e.g., parsley, fenugreek, mint), onions and leeks, dried limes (līmū-ye ʿomānī), and spices (mainly salt, pepper,…

BOZGŪŠ, the traditional reading of the name of a mythical tribe in Māzandarān (i.e., India, see Monchi-Zadeh, pp. 62ff.) mentioned in the Šāh-nāma (Moscow, II, p. 103 vv. 497-98, IV, p. 226 v. 281) together with two others named Sagsār and Narmpāy (Čarmpāyān and Davālpāyān in other sources). All three…

BOZKAŠĪ (lit. “goat-dragging”) is an equestrian folk game played by Turkic groups in Central Asia. Its origins are obscure; quite probably the game first developed as a recreational extension of livestock raiding, much as rodeo in the United States grew out of the activities involved in livestock raising. Forms of…

BOZORG, one of the modes in traditional Iranian and Arabic music, mentioned for the first time by Ṣafī-al-Dīn ʿOrmavī among the twelve šodūd, later on called maqāmāt (Šarh¡, p. 376). Its origin is controversial, however: It is sometimes said to be derived (forūʿ) from Zirafkand (Ebn al-Afkānī [d. 1348/1923-30] apud…

Bozorg title Bozorg genre/topic Vocal radif, Dastgāh-e Šur, guša Bozorg language   performer Mahmud Karimi instrument Voice composer  Mirzā ʿAbdollāh, Radif author/poet Ḥāfeẓ first line of poem  Zāhed-e pašimān rā zoq-e bādeh dar jām ast recorded by   place of recording   date of recording   duration 0:46 source Vocal…

Search terms: بزرگ، میرزا   bozorg,mirza mirza bozorg  

BOZORG-OMĪD, KĪĀ, the second Ismaʿili ruler of Alamūt (518-32/1124-38). He was of Deylami origin from the region of Rūdbār. The assumption of Justi (Namenbuch, p. 360) and other scholars that he was related by marriage to the Bavandid and Baduspanid ruling families of Māzandarān rests on a faulty identification of…

BOZORGĀN (MPers. wuzurg, oblique plur. wuzur­gān, usually written LBA/RBA, LBAn/RBAn), the third class-rank of the four or five divisions of the early Sasanian aristocracy, namely šahryār “landholders,” wispuhr “princes” or members of the royal house (Mid. Pers. usually written BLBYTA), wuzurg “grandees,” āzād “nobles” (lit. free men), and kadag-xwadāy “householders.”…

BOZORGMEHR-E BOḴTAGĀN, identified in literature and legend as a vizier of Ḵosrow I Anōšīravān (r. 531-78; Masʿūdī, Morūj, ed. Pellat, I, pp. 318ff., erroneously identifies Bozorgmehr as a minister of Ḵosrow II Parvēz, r. 590-628, also mentioned in the Šāh-nāma, Moscow, IX, p. 136 v. 2145, and attributes his death…

BOZPAR, a valley situated about 100 km southwest of Kāzerūn, and 11 km by donkey path through the mountains from Sar Mašhad, Fārs [see Comment]. Since 1970, the valley has been accessible via the oil-company road from Ḥosaynābād. It is the site of many old ruins, mostly from Sasanian times,…

BOZPAYIT, Middle Persian name attested only in Armenian of a Zoroastrian school or body of religious teaching in the Sasanian period. Ełišē, probably a contemporary of Ḵosrow I (539-71), in his chronicle of the resistance of the Armenian Christians under their commander Vardan Mamikonean to the violent cam­paign of proselytism…

BRAHM “manner, fashion, costume, etc.,” Middle Persian word borrowed in Parthian and Manichean Sogdian (prxm); Book Pahlavi also has the derived form brahmag (see Boyce, p. 28; Gershevitch, p. 9 n. 1; MacKenzie, p. 19; Nyberg, Manual II, p. 49; Sunder­mann, 1985, 1. b65). The word is rarely used alone;…