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BORHĀN-E JĀMEʿ (Comprehensive proof), title of a dictionary compiled in the last years of Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah Qājār’s reign by Moḥammad-Karīm b. Mahdīqolī Garmrūdī Šaqāqī Tabrīzī. He undertook the task at the request of Bahman Mīrzā, one of the sons of the crown prince ʿAbbās Mīrzā, and completed it in 1250/1833…

BORHĀN-E QĀṬEʿ (Conclusive proof), the title of a Persian dictionary compiled in India in the 11th/17th century by Moḥammad-Ḥosayn b. Ḵalaf Tabrīzī, who used the pen-name Borhān. He completed the work in 1062/1651 and dedicated it to ʿAbd-Allāh Qoṭbšāh (r. 1036-83/1626-72), the seventh sultan of the Shiʿite dynasty of Golconda…

Search terms:  برهانیان borhanian borhaaniaan bourhanian 

BORHĀNPŪRĪ, BORHĀN-AL-DĪN (d. 1089/1678), an Indo-Persian Sufi of the Šaṭṭārī order. Born in a village in the northern Deccan, Borhān-al-Dīn studied formal Islamic sciences in Borhānpūr where he became attracted to Shaikh ʿĪsā (d. 1031/1621-22), a local Šaṭṭārī shaikh who vigorously preached the monistic doctrines of the Spanish-Arab mystic Ebn…

BÖRI, or Böritigin (Turkish böri “wolf” plus tigin “prince”; cf. G. Clauson, Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth Century Turkish, Oxford, 1972, pp. 356, 483). 1. The name of a Turkish commander in Ḡazna (the name is written in Arabic sources Bīrī, Bīrītekīn, in the Persian ones Pīrī, Pīrītegīn). After the death…

BORJ (plur. Pers. borjhā, borūj; Ar. borūj, abrāj, abreja), Arabic and Persian word derived from an Aramaic adaptation of Latin burgus (borrowed from Germanic) “castle” (Fraenkel, p. 235). Markwart assumed the occurrence of the word in the Pahlavi phrase šahrestānī Kōmis ī *panǰ-burg “the capital of Kūmish [sic], the five-towered”…

BORJ-E ṬOḠROL, name commonly applied to a large tomb tower of the Saljuq period situated near Ray. Despite the loss of its probably conical roof, the tower’s imposing bulk (ca. 20 m high, 16.6 m diameter) still dominates the surroundings. Its shaft is divided into twenty-two flanges which are topped…

BORJ-NĀMA,maṯnawi of twenty-six distichs in the motaqāreb meter by Anuširavān b. Marzbān Rāvari, who lived in the 11th/17th century. His dated works were written between 1029/1620 and 1039/1630. He states that he belonged to a family in which the office of dastur (Zoroastrian priest) had been hereditary for seventy generations…

BOROUGH, Christopher (fl. 1579-1587), English merchant, traveler and linguist, who traveled to Russia as an interpreter for the sixth voyage of the Muscovy (Russian) Company to establish trade with Russia and Persia. He was the son of Stephen Borough (1525-1584), a mariner and expert navigator in the European Arctic seas….

BOROWSKY, ISIDORE, (b. Vilna, Poland ca. early 1770/d. Herat, ca. 1838,) Polish officer in the Persian army. His brother was said to be a well-known poet, perhaps the literary historian Leon Borowsky (1784-1846). According to family traditions (Tavakkoli, pp. 26-27), Borowsky fled to England, “when the Russians attacked Poland, together…

BORQAʿĪ (Ar. Borqoʿī), AYATOLLAH ʿALĪ-AKBAR, religious leader of the postwar period to whom leftist tendencies were imputed and whose name became embroiled in a significant incident in Qom in January, 1953. He was born in Qom on 11 Ramażān 1317/13 January 1900, and received his entire education in that city….

Search terms:  بوروج boruj    

BORŪJERD (or Barūjerd), town and šahrestān in the province of Lorestān in western Iran. Situated along the highway between Tehran and the oil province of Ḵūzestān and located halfway between Hamadān and Kermānšāh (now Bāḵtarān), Borūjerd has always been a road and railway junction of great strategic importance. Little is…

BORUJERD, town and sub-province in Lorestan Province in western Iran. This entry is divided into the following two articles:    i. The town and sub-province. ii. Population, 1956-2011.

BORUJERD ii. Population, 1956-2011 This article deals with the following population characteristics of Borujerd city: population growth from 1956 to 2011, age structure, average household size, literacy rate, and economic activity status for 2006 and/or 2011 (different dates for the categories are determined by the availability of census data). Population…