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BICKNELL, HERMAN (1830-75), a translator of Ḥāfeẓ. Born at Herne Hill, Surrey, England, on 2 April 1830, Bicknell was educated at Paris, Hannover, and London’s University College and St. Bartholomew’s Hospital. After taking a medical degree at the Royal College of Surgeons in 1854, he served in the army as…

BĪD (also deraḵt-e bīd or bīd-bon), common desig­nation in modern Persian for the genus Salix L., willow. i. The word. ii. The tree. i. The Word New Persian bīd (earlier bēḏ, Middle Persian wēt, Avestan vaēti (fem.) “willow (branch),” cf. Old Indian veta (masc.) “aquatic climbing plant” or “branch,” Greek…

BĪDĀD, a melody (gūša) in the modal system (dastgāh) Homāyūn, one of the twelve modal systems of the contemporary tradition of Persian classical music. An important and popular gūša, Bīdād is always included in the performance of Homāyūn, even when the performance is short and selective. Unlike many gūšas in…

Bidād title Bidād genre/topic Dastgāh-e Homāyun, guša Bidād language   performer Farāmarz Pāyvar, santur Mohammad Esmā‘ili, tombak instrument Santur; Tombak composer   author/poet   first line of poem   recorded by   place of recording   date of recording   duration 4:40 source A Century of Santur. Mahoor Institute of…

BĪDAR, a city in the state of Karnataka, India (17° 55’ N, 77° 32’ E, elev. 2,330 m), about 80 miles northwest of Hyderabad, and also the surrounding district. It is built on the edge of a plateau, with a panoramic view and a comfortable climate; the temperature rarely rises…

BĪDĀR (lit. awake), the name of three Persian periodicals, two of which were published in Tehran in 1923 and 1951 and the other in Mazār-e Šarīf in 1925. The first Bīdār appeared daily in Tehran in only four issues, as a replacement of the well-known newspaper Eqdām, in Ḥūt, 1301…

BĪDĀRĪ (lit. wakefulness), the name of three Persian newspapers published in Tehran (1907), Rašt (1920), and Kermān (1923-53) and also the name of several other Persian newspapers and maga­zines published in Iran, Europe, and the Soviet Union. The name was first applied to a newspaper published in Tehran and edited…

BIDAXŠ, title of Iranian origin found in various languages from the first to the eighth century. Forms. From Georgia the following forms are attested: 1. pyṭḥš in an inscription on a tombstone from Armazi, first century (see Apakidze et al., pl. 61, pp. 72-­73; Altheim and Stiehl, 1961, pp. 173-75);…

BĪDEL (BĒDIL), MĪRZĀ ʿABD-AL-QĀDER b. ʿAbd-al-Ḵāleq Arlās (1054-1133/1644-1721), the fore­most representative of the later phase of the “Indian style” (sabk-e hendī) of Persian poetry and the most difficult and challenging poet of that school. Life. Born in ʿAẓīmābād (Patna), his family was of Turkish descent belonging to the Arlās tribe…

BĪDERAFŠ (Pahl. Wīdrafš from OIr. *wi-drafša- “with unfurled banner”), Turanian hero of the army of Arjāsp. Bīderafš and Nāmḵᵛāst, another Turanian hero, were sent by Arjāsp, as envoys to the court of Goštāsp (Pahl. Wištāsp) with a message to persuade the latter to recant the new faith preached by Zoroaster…

BĪDGOL and BĪDGOLI dialect. 1. The localities. Bīdgol and Ārān, two practically contiguous townships in the province of Kāšān, are located some 10 km to the north and slightly to the east of the city of Kāšān at 34°4’ north latitude and 51°29’ east longitude (Razmārā, Farhang III, p. 7),…

BIDOḴT (current pronunciation: Beydoḵt), the center of a subdistrict (dehestān) in Gonābād šahrestān in central Khorasan and the seat of the Gonābādi Sufi order. The subdistrict of Bidoḵt is called also Pas-kolut, since it is separated from the rest of Gonābād lowlands (jolga) by a stretch of hilly salt land…