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ABŪ ʿEKREMA ZĪĀD B. DERHAM AL-SARRĀJ, otherwise known as ABŪ MOḤAMMAD AL-ṢĀDEQ, a freedman of Banū Ḥamdān, regarded as the first ʿAbbasid propagandist in Khorasan (Madāʾenī quoted by Ṭabarī, II, p. 1501). His activity there in the ʿAbbasid cause began shortly after 100/718-19. Earlier Abū ʿEkrema had been a supporter…

ABŪ ʿĪSĀ EṢFAHĀNĪ, founder of the ʿĪsāwīya, an obscure Jewish sect in Islamic times. The sources dealing with Abū ʿĪsā and his movement are scanty and often fragmentary. No mention is made of him in the medieval chronicles, an indication that the movement which he led was of little political…

ABŪ ʿĪSĀ MOḤAMMAD B. HĀRŪN AL-WARRĀQ, heretical theologian of the 3rd/9th century. His birthdate is unknown, and there are contradictory statements about the date of his death. Masʿūdī (Morūǰ VII, p. 236) says he died in 247/861-62. It is also stated, however (in a late work quoted in the notes…

ABŪ ʿOBAYDA MAʿMAR B. AL-MOṮANNĀ, Arabic philologist and grammarian (probably 110-209/728-824, but the sources have other, slightly different dates). His father and grandfather came from Bāǰarvān, but he himself was born in Baṣra, a mawlā of the clan of Taym of Qorayš. The assertion that his family was of Jewish…

ABŪ ʿOṮMĀN RABĪʿA B. ABĪ ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN FARRŪḴ AL-TAYMĪ, often called RABĪʿAT-AL-RAʾY, important lawyer of the ancient school of Medina and transmitter of Traditions from Companions of the Prophet, died 136/753. Rabīʿa was a native of Medina and lived there most of his life. He was a mawlā of the Āl…

Abu ‘Atā title Abu ‘Atā genre/topic Āvāz-e Abu ‘Atā language Persian performer Hosayn Qawāmi instrument Voice composer   author/poet Hāfez first line of poem Har ke šod mahram-e del dar haram-e yār bemānad recorded by   place of recording   date of recording   duration 4:09 source A Century of…

ABU’L-KHAYRIDS, the name used for the dynasty that ruled the khanate of Bukhara in 906-1007/1500-99. Until recently, this dynasty was incorrectly called in Western literature “Shaybanids” (or “Shibanids”). Its forefather was, in fact, Šïban, who was the fourth son of Joči, the eldest son of Čengiz Khan (d. 624/1227). However,…

ABŪZAYDĀBĀD, an oasis village of the province of Kāšān, called Būzābād for short and Bīzeva in the local dialect. It is situated thirty km to the east and slightly to the south of the city of Kāšān (Razmārā, Farhang III, p. 3) on a flat plain bordered by sand and…

ABŪZAYDĀBĀDĪ (Būzābādī for short), a variety of the local dialects of Kāšān province, spoken in the village of Abūzaydābād and its farms, and belonging to the Central or Median group of Iranian dialects. In general features, Abūzaydābādī resembles Abyānaʾī (q.v., as a sample of the Kāšān province local dialects). In phonology,…

ABU’L-BAQĀ B. ḴᵛĀJA BAHĀʾ-AL-DĪN B. ḴᵛĀJA AḤMAD, author of Jāmeʿ al-maqāmāt on the life of the Naqšbandī saint, Mawlānā Ḵᵛāǰagī Kāsānī (d. 949/1542), written in 1028/1618. Known as Maḵdūm-e Aʿẓam, Kāsānī was the progenitor of the important Jūybārī branch of the Naqšbandī order. The Jāmeʿ al-maqāmāt, which has the express…

ABU’L-BARAKĀT AL-BAḠDĀDĪ, AWḤAD-AL-ZAMĀN HEBATALLĀH B. ʿALĪ B. MALKĀ BALADĪ, 5th-6th/11th-12th century physician and philosopher of Jewish origin, born in Balad, a town on the Tigris above Mosul. If Ẓahīr-al-dīn Bayhaqī’s information that he died in 547/1152 at the age of ninety solar years is approximately correct, he was born ca….

ABU’L-BARAKĀT MONĪR LĀHŪRĪ, Indo-Persian poet (commonly known as MOLLĀ MONĪR LĀHŪRĪ), b. at Lahore, 12 Ramażān 1019/28 November 1610. He is generally regarded as one of the three major poets of Lahore during the reign of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahān (Yamīn Khan, Tārīḵ-e šeʿr, p. 310). Monīr came from…

ABU’L-FARAJ BANNĀʾ, a potter known through a single signed piece reputedly found in Sāva. It consists of a dome-shaped candlestick decorated with a broad frieze of figures alternately seated and standing against a foliate scroll. Around the base runs an inscription in Persian, including the signature. It is decorated in…

ABU’L-FARAJ EṢFAHĀNĪ, ʿALĪ B. AL-ḤOSAYN B. MOḤAMMAD B. AḤMAD, author of the Ketāb al-aḡānī. He was a Quraishite and the descendant of the Omayyad house, and received his konya, Eṣfahānī, from his birthplace. He was brought up and educated in Baghdad, traveled in various regions in search of knowledge and…

ABU’L-FARAJ B. MASʿŪD RŪNĪ, an early Persian poet. Nothing is known about his birth and early life, except that he was born in Rūna, the exact location of which is uncertain. According to ʿAwfī, Rūnī’s birthplace was Lahore (Lobāb II, p. 241). Reżā-qolī Hedāyat states that Abu’l-Faraǰ was born in…