Explore Iranica

BAYĀNI,JĀR-ALLĀH-ZĀDA, Shaikh Moṣtafā (d. 1005-6/ 1597), a Turkish poet who composed taḵmis (poems consisting of stanzas of five lines [meşrāʿ] each) on the ḡazals of Hāfeẓ. He was born in the town of Rusçuk, in present-day Bulgaria. After completing his elementary studies, he traveled to Istanbul where he became the…

BAYĀNĪ, MEHDĪ (Mahdī; 1285-1346 Š./1906-68), specialist in Persian manuscripts and calligraphy and pioneer in the field of Persian librarianship. Though born in Hamadān, he was the scion of a long line of dīvān secretaries and fiscal officers (mostawfī) from Farāhān. He was related to Mīrzā Salmān Farāhānī, secretary and confidant…

BAYĀT, an important Turkish tribe. Name and origin. Bayāt was one of the twenty-two Oghuz tribes listed in Maḥmūd Kāšḡarī’s Dīvānloḡāt al-tork (comp. 464-76/1072-83). The tribe had a traditional brand mark and its totem was the falcon. The form Bayāt is used also by Faḵr-al-Dīn Mobārakšāh (603/1206; p. 48) and…

BAYĀT or BAYĀTĪ, one of the old modes of the Irano-Arabic musical tradition, mentioned for the first time by Šayḵ Ṣafadī (9th/15th century; Shiloah, p. 304) and by ʿAbd-al-Qāder b. Ḡaybī Marāḡī (d. 1435; pp. 64, 72) as one of the twenty-four šoʿbas sometimes called Nowrūz-e bayātī. According to the…

BAYĀT-e EṢFAHĀN, or ĀVĀZ-e EṢFAHĀN, a musical system based on a specific collection of modal pieces (gūšahā) which are performed in a particular order. According to the late 13th/19th-century author Forṣat Šīrāzī (apud Ṣafwat, p. 81), Eṣfahān was listed as one of the pieces of the modal system (dastgāh) of…

Bayāt-e Kord title Bayāt-e Kord genre/topic Radif for Tār and Setār, Dastgāh-e Šur, āvāz Bayāt-e Kord language   performer ‘Ali-Akbar Šahnāzi instrument Tār composer Āqā Ḥosayn Qoli, Radif author/poet   first line of poem   recorded by   place of recording   date of recording 1962 duration  5:25 source Radif…

BAYĀT-e KORD, or KORD-e BAYĀT, a part of the modal system (dastgāh) of Šūr in Persian music. The name Kord refers to its possible origin in Kurdish folklore. In addition to being performed as a part of Šūr, it is performed independently or even as a part of the āvāz…

BAYĀT-e TORK, a musical system (āvāz, naḡma) and one of the branches of the modal system (dastgāh) of Šūr in traditional classical music. It is also known as Āvāz-e Tork and Bayāt-e Zand for the Zand tribe in the region of Fārs. It is believed that the name Tork refers to…

Bayāt-e Tork title Bayāt-e Tork genre/topic Āvāz-e Bayāt-e Tork language Persian performer Yonā Dardašti instrument Voice composer   author/poet   first line of poem   recorded by   place of recording   date of recording   duration 4:10 source A Century of Āvāz: An Anthology. Mahoor Institute of Culture and…

Bayāt-e Tork 2 title Bayāt-e Tork genre/topic   language   performer Sa‘id Hormozi, setār instrument setār composer   author/poet   first line of poem   recorded by   place of recording   date of recording   duration 2:15 source Setār Ostād Sa‘id Hormozi. Mahoor Institute of Culture and Art, 2003…

BAYATỊ, GAPPO (Ger.: Georg-Gappo Baiew), b. 9 September (old style 28 August) 1869, d. 24 April 1939, Ossetic man of letters. He was born in Vladikavkaz (now Ordzhonikidze) of a prominent north-Caucasian family. He entered upon his literary career about the turn of the century, and became in the last…

BAYĀŻ, literally “white,” usually designating a small paper notepad with covers often made of leather which opens lengthwise and was carried around in inside pockets. Terms such as moraqqaʿ, safīna, jong, jarīda, kaškūl, dastūr, gol-dasta, ganjīna, teḏkār, majmūʿa, and taʿlīqāt have occasionally been used in a similar sense. The interest…

BAYAZIT (Bāyazīd; Osm. Bayezid), a stronghold located three kilometers southeast of the modern village of Doğubayazit and approximately twenty-five kilometers southwest of Mt. Ararat, important in the defense of Anatolia against invasion from Iran. Situated in the province of Ağrı near the eastern border of the Turkish republic, Bayazit straddles…

BĀYBŪRTLŪ (also Bāybūrdlū), a Turkic tribe of northwestern Iran whose only vestiges seem to be the names of a few historical personalities. Its name implies that it came from Bāybūrt, or Bāybord, 100 miles northwest of Erzurum, in eastern Anatolia. It was one of the tribes which formed the mainstay…

BĀYDŪ (Baidu, on coins Badu), a son of Ṭaraḡāy and grandson of Hülegü (Hūlāgū), reigned as il-khan in Iran from Jomādā I to Ḏu’l-qaʿda, 694/March-October, 1295. In 690/1291, during the election which ended with the choice of Gayḵātū, Bāydū had been approached by some of the Mongol amirs but was…