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BĀMDĀD, MAHDĪ (d. 1352 Š./1973), the son of Rafīʿ Ḵorāsānī (titled Rafīʿ-al-Mamālek). Bāmdād made a career in the civil service and was one of the assistants to the prime minister in the cabinet of Ḥakīm-al-Molk from Ābān to Bahman, 1324 Š./October, 1945-February, 1946, but is best known as the author…

BĀMDĀD-E ḴOMĀR (The Morning After, 1995), the first, and vastly popular, novel by Fattāna Hājseydjavādi (b. Ḵāzerun, 1945, FIGURE 1). Encased by a frame story within which the main story is narrated, Bāmdād-e ḵomār, a love story with a moral lesson, is set in Tehran in the last decades of…

  BĀMDĀD-E ROWŠAN, a Persian journal of news and political comment published in Tehran from 16 Rabīʿ I 1339/1 February 1915 until 2 Ramażān 1341/19 April 1924. The journal was edited by the poet and reformer Mīrzā Moḥammad-ʿAlī Khan Ḵorāsānī, later Bāmdād (1885-1951; Ṣadr Hāšemī, Jarāʾed o majallāt II, pp….

BĀMĪA (or bāmīā), okra, the edible unripe seed-pods of Hibiscus esculentus of the Malvaceae or mallows. i. The plant. ii. In cooking. iii. The sweet. i. The Plant A native of Africa, okra has long been naturalized and extensively cultivated in some countries neighboring Iran, especially in Turkey, Iraq, and…

BĀMĪĀN, town in central Afghanistan, important prehistoric and Buddhist site. i. The Bāmīān basin. ii. History and monuments. iii. Modern town and district. iv. Modern province. i. The Bāmīān Basin The town of Bāmīān owes its rise to the presence of a tectonic depression, the Bāmīān basin, in the central…

BAMPŪR i. Prehistoric Site. ii. In Modern Times.   i. Prehistoric Site The position of Bampūr near a river and major routes explains the presence there of prehistoric and later settlements at the foot of a fortress on a high mound. While the mound has not been excavated, Sir Aurel…

BAMPUR ia. PREHISTORIC SITE Since Beatrice de Cardi’s excavations at Bampur in 1966 (de Cardi, 1968; idem, 1970) no new work has taken place there. Nevertheless, objects recovered at Bampur in the 1960s can now be better dated and understood, thanks to discoveries in recent years at sites in Central…

BĀMŠĀD, a musician at the court of the Sasanian king Ḵosrow II Parvēz (a.d. 591-628) whose name is mentioned together with that of Bārbad in a poem by the Persian poet Manūčehrī (Dīvān, ed. M. Dabīrsīāqī, 3rd ed., Tehran, 1347 Š./1968, p. 19 v. 280). The Persian lexicons state that he…

BĀMŠĀD, a Persian newspaper and a news and public affairs magazine published in Tehran 1956-68. Its licensee and chief editor was Esmāʿīl Pūrwālī (b. 1301 Š./1922 in Mašhad), a professional journalist whose career began in 1319 Š./1940 and includes stints as the editor of the newspaper Īrān-e mā (Tehran, 1943-47),…

BAN-e SORMA, a necropolis of the Early Bronze Age, excavated in 1967 by the Belgian Mission in Iran. It lies along the banks of the Laškān river, at 3.5 km from the village of Čavār in the district Īlām, province of Pošt-e Kūh, Īlām, western Luristan (Lorestān). This necropolis extends…

BĀNA, a šahrestān in the province of Kurdistan, located in a mountainous, well-forested region of western Iran at 35°59′ north latitude and 45°53′ east longitude, 1,529 m above sea level, with an area of 794 km2. The šahrestān of Bāna consists of one town of the same name and seven…

BANAFŠA (Mid. Pers. wanafšag, arabicized as banafsaj; cf. the cognate Kurd. wunawša, Māzandarāni vanūše, Semnāni benowša, etc., and the Armenian loanword manušak), common name for the genus Viola L. in New Persian. Of the very large group of violas distributed in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, A. Parsa, Flore…

BANĀKAṮ, BENĀKAṮ (in Jovaynī, Fanākat), the main town of the medieval Transoxanian province of Šāš or Čāč, to be distinguished from the nearby town of Benkaṯ, another name of the town of Šāš, later Tashkent. Banākaṯ flourished in early Islamic times and almost certainly had a pre-Islamic history as a…

BANĀKATĪ, Abū Solaymān Dāwūd b. Abi’l-Fażl Moḥammad (d. 730/1329-30), poet and historian. Nothing is known of his early career, except that he was presumably a native of Banākaṯ, the later Šāhroḵīya in Transoxania. His general history from Adam to the beginning of the reign of the il-khan Abū Saʿīd (q.v.),…

Banān – Kasi ke dar sar-e u title Banān – Kasi ke dar sar-e u genre/topic Sāz o āvāz in Dastgāh-e šur language   performer Banān and ‘Ali Tajvidi instrument vocals and violin composer   author/poet Forughi Bastāmi first line of poem kasi ke dar sar-e u cheshm-e maslahatbin ast…