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BAHĀR, MOḤAMMAD-TAQĪ MALEK AL-ŠOʿARĀʾ, 20th-century poet, scholar, journalist, politician, and historian (1265-1330 Š./1886-1951). i. Life and work. ii. Bahār as a poet.   i. Life and Work Bahār may have taken his taḵalloṣ Bahār after the poet Mīrzā Naṣr-Allāh Bahār Šīrvānī, who had died on a visit to the house…

BAHĀR-E KESRĀ “The spring of Ḵosrow” (Ṭabarī), Farš-e zamestānī “Winter carpet” (Baḷʿamī), or Bahārestān “Spring garden” (Ḥabīb al-sīar), a huge, late Sasanian royal carpet. The carpet measured 60 cubits (araš, ḏerāʿ) square (ca. 27 m x 27 m), that may have covered the floor of the great audience hall (Ayvān-e…

BAHĀRESTĀN (Spring garden, Abode of spring, and similar renderings in various languages), occasionally referred to as Rawżat al-aḵyār wa toḥfat al-abrār (Garden of the virtuous and rare gift of the pious), is an anecdotal and moralistic work of belles-lettres in prose (both plain and rhythmic-rhyming) and verse, by ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān Jāmī,…

BAHĀRESTĀN, the name of a garden, public square, and complex of buildings in central Tehran, the main part of which presently forms the headquarters of an Islamic revolution militia, the Central Committee of the Islamic Revolution (Komīta-ye Markazī-e Enqelāb-e Eslāmī); the southern section houses the Majles library. The site was…

BAHĀRESTĀN-E ḠAYBĪ, a detailed history in Persian of Bengal and Orissa for the period 1017-34/1608-24 composed by Mīrzā Nathan ʿAlāʾ-al-Dīn Eṣfahānī. ʿAlāʾ-al-Dīn’s father, Malek ʿAlī Ehtemām Khan, a Persian immigrant who had served as the castellan (kūtvāl) of Agra under Akbar, was promoted by Jahāngīr to the rank of 1,000…

BAHĀRI,(ʿALI-) AṢḠAR (b. Tehran, 1284 Š./1905, d. Tehran, 20 Ḵordād 1374 Š./10 June 1995) master of the kamānča (long-necked bowed lute),. Bahāri, one of the great instrumentalists of Persian traditional music in the twentieth century, came from a family long dedicated to performance of the kamānča. His maternal grandfather, Mirzā…

BAHĀRLŪ, a Turkic tribe of Azerbaijan, Khorasan, Kermān, and Fārs. According to J. Malcolm, it was originally a branch of the Šāmlūs (q.v.), “who were brought into Persia from Syria by Timur” (The History of Persia, London, 1829, I, p. 237). Also of this opinion was A. Houtum-Schindler, who added…

BAHĀRVAND, a Lur tribe now living mostly in the dehestāns (districts) of Kargāh and Bālā Garīva, south and southwest of Ḵorramābād. It forms a part of the Dīrakvand tribal confederacy. According to oral tradition, the connection between the Bahārvands and the Dīrakvands was established toward the end of the 10th/16th…

Search terms:  بهاءالدوله؛ ابونصر فیروز baha al dawleh abu nasr firouz      

BAHĀʾ-AL-DĪN BAḠDĀDĪ, MOḤAMMAD B. MOʾAYYAD BAḠDĀDĪ (or BAḠDĀDAKĪ) ḴᵛĀRAZMĪ, a master of the art of Persian letter-writing (tarassol) in the 6th/12th century (d. after 688/1289). He was from Baḡdādak, a place in Ḵᵛārazm. According to the Tārīḵ-egozīda (apud M. Qazvīnī in ʿAwfī, Lobāb I, pp. 349-50), he was the younger…

BAHĀʾ-AL-DĪN ABŪ BAKR MOḤAMMAD B. AḤMAD B. ABĪ BEŠR ḴARAQĪ (MARVAZĪ) was born in a village named Ḵaraq near the city of Marv, where he apparently spent his professional life and where he died in 533/1138-39. His name is sometimes given as Abū Moḥammad ʿAbd-al-Jabbār b. ʿAbd-al-Jabbār b. Moḥammad; and…

BAHĀʾ-AL-DĪN MOḤAMMAD WALAD B. ḤOSAYN B. AḤMAD ḴAṬĪB BALḴĪ (546-628/1151-1231), father of Mawlānā Jalāl-al-Dīn Rūmī (q.v.), the great Sufi poet and eponym of the Mevlevî order, with reference to whom he became posthumously known as Mawlānā-ye bozorg (the elder Mawlānā). In his lifetime he was generally known as Bahāʾ-e Walad,…

BAHĀʾ-AL-DĪN NAQŠBAND, ḴᵛĀJA MOḤAMMAD B. MOḤAMMAD BOḴĀRĪ (718-91/1318-91), eponym of the Naqšbandīya, one of the most vigorous and widespread Sufi orders. In the tradition of the order, especially in Turkey, he is known as Šāh-e Naqšband. The earliest Naqšbandī texts do not explain the meaning of the sobriquet Naqšband or…

BAHĀʾ-AL-DĪN SOLṬĀN WALAD, MOḤAMMAD, 7th-8th/13th-14th-century Sufi shaikh and poet, son and eventual successor of Mawlānā Jalāl-al-Dīn Rūmī (Mawlawī). Bahāʾ-al-Dīn was born on 25 Rabīʿ II 623/24 April 1226 to Gowhar Ḵātūn at Lāranda (modern Karaman), where Jalāl-al-Dīn’s father Bahāʾ-al-Dīn Walad, and later Jalāl-al-Dīn himself, were madrasa professors. The family moved…