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BĀBĀʾĪ BEN NŪRĪʾEL, a rabbi (ḥāḵām) from Isfahan who, at the behest of Nāder Shah Afšār (r. 1148-60/1736-47), translated the Pentateuch and the Psalms of David from Hebrew into Persian. Three other rabbis helped him in the translation, which was begun in Rabīʿ II, 1153/May, 1740, and completed in Jomādā…

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BABILLA, ASHUR BANIPAL IBRAHIM (Āšur Banipāl Ebrāhim Bābillā, b. Tehran, Iran, 25 June 1944; d. New York, 30 March 2011) actor, director, playwright, and visual artist (Figure 1). Born to Shedrach Babilla and Luba Tamraz, Bani, as he was usually called by relatives and friends, was raised in an Assyrian-Presbyterian…

Search terms:  بابیروش babirosh baabiroush baberoosh baabeeroosh babiroosh babeeroosh baabiroosh  

BABISM i. The Babi movement. ii. Babi executions and uprisings. iii. Babism in Neyriz.   i. The Babi Movement Babism was a 13/19th-century messianic movement in Iran and Iraq under the overall charismatic leadership of Sayyed ʿAlī-Moḥammad Šīrāzī, the Bāb (1235/1819-1266/1850). Babism was the only significant millenarian movement in Shiʿite…

BABISM iii. Babism in Neyriz Neyriz (Niriz) is a town in Fars south of Iran, located about 220 km southeast of Shiraz on the eastern side of Baḵtagān Lake. In the medieval period, the nesba “Neyrizi” is attested by Abu’l-ʿAbbās Fażl b. Ḥātem Neyrizi (d. ca. 309/921; cf. Masʿudi, p….

BĀBŌĒ, catholicos (d. 481 or 484), orthodox leader of the Christian church in Iran under Pērōz, one of Barṣaumā’s chief opponents. The rule of Catholicos Bābōē fell during an epoch seething with powerful forces which were working towards a complete reshaping of Christianity in Persia. He was the last head…

BĀBOL, town in Māzandarān, formerly Bārforūš. i. The town. ii. Islamic monuments. iii. Population, 1956-2011.

BĀBOL,  i. The Town town in Māzandarān, formerly Bārforūš; Bābol lies near the Bābol river, occupying a central position in the coastal plain. It was at first a small, local market-place, as indicated by the name Bārforūš (lit. [place where] loads are sold) which it bore until 1927. The settlement…

BĀBOL ii. Islamic Monuments Once the largest town in Māzandarān, Bābol was undoubtedly the site of numerous monuments. In the early seventh/thirteenth century, for example, the geographer Yāqūt (IV, p. 642) mentioned its congregational mosque and the historian Ebn Esfandīār reported visiting the tomb of Ḥasan b. Mahdī Māmṭīrī (p….

BĀBOL iii. Population, 1956-2011 This article deals with the following population characteristics of Bābol city: population growth from 1956 to 2011, age structure, average household size, literacy rate, and economic activity status for 2006 and/or 2011 (different dates for the categories are determined by the availability of census data). Population…

BĀBOLSAR, town on the Caspian coast in the province of Māzandarān. It acquired its present name in 1306 Š./1927 [see attached Comment – eds.], at the same time that Bārforūš, the important inland town 20 km to the south-southeast, was renamed Bābol. Its former name was Mašhad-(e) Sar. Initially a…

BĀBOR, ABUʾL-QĀSEM MĪRZĀ B. BĀYSONQOR B. ŠĀHROḴ, Timurid prince (b. 825/1422), the youngest son of Bāysonqor, the eminent Timurid bibliophile and artistic patron, and a great-grandson of the conqueror Tīmūr. His mother was a concubine of Bāysonqor’s by the name of Gowhar-nasab (Moʿezz al-ansāb, fol. 145b). According to Ḵᵛāndamīr, during…

BĀBOR, ẒAHĪR-AL-DĪN MOḤAMMAD (6 Moḥarram 886-6 Jomādā I 937/14 February 1483-26 December 1530), Timurid prince, military genius, and literary craftsman who escaped the bloody political arena of his Central Asian birthplace to found the Mughal Empire in India. His origin, milieu, training, and education were steeped in Persian culture and…

BĀBORĪ (or Bābor, Bābar; sing. Bāboray), a Paṧtūn tribe originally from the Solaymān mountains, now widely dispersed. Its principal territory lies in Pakistan on the border between the Northwest Frontier Province and Baluchistan, extending over the Solaymān mountains into the Dērajāt foothills around Chaudhwan, where certain lineages are said to…