Search Results for “calligraphy”

• CALLIGRAPHY

  Ḡolām-Ḥosayn Yūsofī

  (ḵaṭṭāṭī, ḵᵛošnevīsī), the writing system in use in Persia since early Islamic times, which grew out of the Arabic alphabet. Comparison of some of the scripts that developed on Persian ground, particularly Persian-style Kufic, with the Pahlavi and Avestan scripts reveals a number of similarities between them.

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• CALLIGRAPHY (continued)

  Ḡolām-Ḥosayn Yūsofī

  In the handwriting of the various Muslim peoples, three distinct styles are recognizable: Turco-Arab, Persian, and Indo-Afghan. In the style once current in Turkey and the similar styles now prevalent in the Arab countries, most scripts are written with sharp outlines and a downward slope.

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• INDIA xxiv. PERSIAN CALLIGRAPHY IN

  Cross-Reference

  Forthcoming.

• DĪVĀNĪ, ḴAṬṬ-E

  Cross-Reference

  See CALLIGRAPHY.

• BĀBĀ SHAH ESFAHĀNI

  Pricilla Soucek

  calligrapher and poet who lived in Isfahan and Baghdad where he died in 1587-1588. He was a famous nastaʿlīq script writer.

• AMĀNAT KHAN ŠĪRĀZĪ

  W. E. Begley

  When Shah Jahān’s wife Momtāz Maḥall died in childbirth (17 Ḏu’l-qaʿda 1040/17 June 1631), ʿAbd-al-Ḥaqq was appointed to select the Koranic passages and design the calligraphy for her tomb. One year later, the emperor honored him with the title Amānat Khan and promoted him to the manṣab rank of 900.

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• ḴALIL, MOḤAMMAD EBRĀHIM

  Wali Ahmadi

  Afghan scribe, calligrapher, poet and historian. Ḵalil studied privately with his parents and excelled in the art of calligraphy, especially the nastaʿliq and šekasta styles.

• ʿABDALLĀH ṢAYRAFĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  Dūst Moḥammad claims that the traditions of Khorasani calligraphy in the nasḵ script are derived from the writing of ʿAbdallāh Ṣayrafī, with Jaʿfar Tabrīzī acting perhaps as the transmitter of the tradition. ʿAbdallāh achieved his greatest fame as a designer of architectural inscriptions.

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• KATIBA

  Cross-Reference

  "inscription." See CALLIGRAPHY.

• BAHĀʾI TABRIZI

  Tahsin Yazici

  (1874-1925), AḤMAD, Persian calligrapher and poet.

• GOLESTĀNA, ʿALI-AKBAR

  Maryam Ekhtiar

  (b. 1857-58; d. 1901), calligrapher, scholar, and mystic of late 19th-century Persia.

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• ʿABD-AL-RAŠĪD DAYLAMĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  calligrapher and poet who served the Mughal ruler Shah Jahān (1037-58/1628-58).

• ʿALĪ TABRĪZĪ (calligrapher)

  P. P. Soucek

  (or MĪR ʿALĪ TABRĪZĪ), 8th/14th century calligrapher who is often credited with the invention of the nastaʿlīq script.

• ʿABD-AL-BĀQĪ YAZDĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  Safavid official and poet skilled in calligraphy, killed at the battle of Čālderān in Raǰab 920/August 1514.

• ḴAṬṬĀTI

  Cross-reference

  See CALLIGRAPHY.

• ʿABDĪ NĪŠĀPŪRĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  16th-century calligrapher and poet.

• ʿABBĀS B. REŻĀ-QOLĪ KHAN NŪRĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  calligrapher and civil servant, d. 1255/1839-40.

• BAYĀNĪ, MEHDĪ

  M. Dabīrsīāqī

  (1906-68), specialist in Persian manuscripts and calligraphy and pioneer in the field of Persian librarianship.

• ĀQĀ ZANJĀNĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  MĪRZĀ, also known as Ḵamsaʾī, a calligrapher active between 1869-70 and 1890.

• ʿABD-AL-MAJĪD ṬĀLAQĀNĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  revered as the calligrapher who gave šekasta script its definitive form.

• ʿALĪ HERAVĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  also known as MĪR ʿALĪ KĀTEB ḤOSAYNĪ, a calligrapher active in Herat, Mašhad, and Bukhara from the late 9/15th century to 951/1544-45.

• ʿABD-AL-RAḤĪM ḴᵛĀRAZMĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  calligrapher and poet active in western Iran during the second half of the 9th/15th century.

• ʿABD-AL-KARĪM ḴᵛĀRAZMĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  specimens of calligraphy now in Leningrad and Istanbul are signed by him as written during his tenth, eleventh, and twelfth years, indicating that he was a skilled calligrapher at an early age. Unfortunately, none of these pages bear dates which would make it possible to determine the year of his birth.

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• ʿABDALLĀH ḤOSAYNĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  Scribe and poet in the service of the Mughal emperors Akbar and Jahāngīr (17th century).

• AFŻAL KHAN

  W. E. Begley

  title of MOLLĀ ŠOKRALLĀH ŠĪRĀZĪ, Mughal court official (ca. 978-1048/1570-1639). 

• ʿABD-AL-VAHHĀB MAŠHADĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  a calligrapher of the 10th/16th century who lived most of his life in Mašhad.

• ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN KᵛĀRAZMĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  calligrapher specializing in nastaʿlīq, active during the middle decades of the 9th/15th century.

• ḠOLĀM-REŻĀ ḴOŠNEVIS

  Maryam Ekhtiar

  Eṣfahāni, Mirzā (b. Tehran, 1829/30; d. Tehran, 1886/87), a calligrapher and epigraphist of late 19th-century Persia.

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• KOFRI

  Aḥmad Golčin Maʿāni

  pen name of the poet-calligrapher MAWLĀNĀ AMIR-ḤOSAYN TORBATI (d. 1607).

• QALAM

  Sina Goudarzi and Bahram Grami

  a common name for a reed, a perennial plant of the grass family, after its hollow stem is cut and a nib is formed on the tip for calligraphy purposes.

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• ʿALĪ-REŻĀ ABBĀSĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  10th-11th/16th-17th century calligrapher born and trained in Tabrīz but active principally in Qazvīn and Isfahan.

• ʿEMĀD-AL-KOTTĀB, MOḤAMMAD-ḤOSAYN SAYFĪ QAZVĪNĪ

  ʿAbd-Allāh Forādi

  (b. Qazvīn, 16 April 1866; d. Tehran, 17 July 1936), calligrapher.

• EBRĀHĪM ṬEHRĀNĪ

  Priscilla P. Soucek

  also known as Mīrzā ʿAmū, a 19th century calligrapher specializing in the nastaʿlīq script.

• ABU’L-ḤASAN JORJĀNĪ

  M. Dabīrsīāqī

  9th-century Shafeʿite jurist, poet, and man of letters.

• ʿALĪ QĀʾENĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  usually known as SOLṬĀN-ʿALĪ, calligrapher active in Herat and Tabrīz during the late 9th/15th and early 10th/16th centuries.

• EḴTĪĀR MONŠĪ, ḴᵛĀJA

  W. Thackston

  (fl. mid 10th/16th cent.), a master calligrapher of the chancery taʿlīq style from Herat.

• Ab~ CAPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS

  Cross-Reference

  list of all the figure and plate images in the Ab entries

• ʿABD-AL-ḤAMĪD MALEK-AL-KALĀMĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  calligrapher, poet, and government official (d. 1949).

• KAŠFI, MIR MOḤAMMAD ṢĀLEḤ ḤOSAYNI

  Sunil Sharma

  (d. 1651), calligrapher and poet in Mughal India. Authored several works in verse and prose.

• ḠOBĀRI, ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN

  Tahsİn Yazici

  b. ʿAbd-Allāh (d. 1566), Ottoman poet, calligrapher, and Sufi who wrote in both Turkish and Persian.

• BĀBĀ JĀN ḴORĀSĀNI

  Priscilla Soucek

  16th-century calligrapher, poet, and craftsman, also known as Ḥāfeẓ Bābā Jān Torbatī.

• ʿABD-AL-VĀḤED MAŠHADĪ

  F. Cağman and P. P. Soucek

  The style of nastaʿlīq favored by ʿAbd-al-Vāḥed is closely connected with that used by Solṭān-ʿAlī Mašhadī and other calligraphers active in Iran during the 9th/15th century, a fact that suggests that he was indeed trained in Iran.

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• FARĪD KĀTEB

  Sheila S. Blair

  scribe active in Shiraz in the 16th century.

• GOLESTĀN-E HONAR

  Kambiz Eslami

  a 16th-century treatise on the art of calligraphy, with brief biographical notices on a selection of past and contemporary calligraphers and artists, by the Safavid author and historian Qāżi Aḥmad b. Šaraf-al-Din Ḥosayn Monši Qomi Ebrāhimi.

• JAMĀLI ṢUFI

  Maryam Ekhtiari

  PIR YAḤYĀ, calligrapher of the mid-8th/14th century who worked in Shiraz in the 740s/1340s.

• ISFAHAN

  Multiple Authors

  ancient province and old city in central Iran. Isfahan city has served as one of the most important urban centers on the Iranian Plateau since ancient times.

• INDIA

  Multiple Authors

  This series of entries covers Indian history and its relations with Iran.

• AMIR KABIR PUBLISHERS

  EIr

  Major Persian publishing house active from 1949 to 1979.

• ELĪF EFENDI, Ḥaṣīrīzāda

  Tahsin Yaziçi

  (b. in Sütlüce, May 1850; d. 4 December 1926), Turkish poet and scholar.

• DĪVĀNA NAQQĀŠ

  Priscilla P. Soucek

  15th-century painter whose work is known primarily from single-page paintings preserved in the Topkapı Sarayı library, Istanbul.

• HOSSEINI, MANSOUREH

  Hengameh Fouladvand

  (1926-2012), pioneer modernist painter, writer, and gallerist, among the first Iranian artists who incorporated calligraphy in their modern works.

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• Isfahan xi. SCHOOL OF PAINTING AND CALLIGRAPHY

  Massumeh Farhad

  The “Isfahan” school of painting and calligraphy generally refers to works of art associated with the city, when it was chosen as the Safavid capital. The school has two distinct phases of first the followers of Reżā ʿAbbāsi and then the European style.

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• ʿEMĀD ḤASANĪ, MĪR, ʿEMĀD-AL-MOLK

  Kambiz Eslami

  b. Ebrāhīm (ca. 1554-1615), calligrapher. His rendition of nastaʿlīq, with smooth lines, many curves, very occasional diacritical marks, symmetry of letters and words, and usually excellent choice of decorations surrounding the words, had widespread appeal. 

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• ʿABD-AL-RAḤĪM ʿANBARĪN-QALAM

  M. A. Chaghatai

  calligrapher of India (fl. late 10th-11th centuries).

• ABU’L-FAŻL SĀVAJĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  (1248-1312/1832-95), a scholar, calligrapher, poet, and physician active in Qajar court circles.

• FARHANG, MĪRZĀ ABU’L-QĀSEM ŠĪRĀZĪ

  Moḥammad Dabīrsīāqī

  (b. Shiraz, 1827; d. Shiraz, 1891), poet, scholar, and calligrapher.

• CUT PAPER

  Barbara Schmitz

  (qeṭʿa “decoupage,” also monabbat-kārī “filigree work”), a type of applied ornament documented in Persian manuscripts and sometimes on bookbindings from the approximate period 895-1060/1490-1650.

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• SANGLĀḴ, MOḤAMMAD-ʿALI

  Maryam Ekhtiar

  (b. Qučān, Khorasan, date unknown; d. Tabriz, 3 March 1877), celebrated calligrapher and stone carver, as well as poet and author. He lived as a dervish and spent much of his time traveling, with long sojourns in the Ottoman empire and Egypt.

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• ADĪB PĪŠĀVARĪ

  Munibur Rahman

  poetic name of SAYYED AḤMAD B. ŠEHĀB-AL-DĪN RAŻAWĪ (1844-1930).

• ČELEBĪ, FATḤ-ALLĀH ʿĀREF

  Tahsin Yazici

  10th/16th-century poet and author of a Šāh-nāma (Solaymān-nāma) extolling the Ottoman rulers.

• GOLŠAN ALBUM

  Kambiz Eslami

  or Moraqqaʿ-e golšan; a sumptuous 17th-century album of paintings, drawings, calligraphy, and engravings by Mughal, Persian, Deccani, Turkish, and European artists in the Golestān Palace Library, Tehran.

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• EBRĀHĪM SOLṬĀN

  Priscilla P. Soucek

  (1394-35), b. Šāhroḵ, Timurid prince, ruler of Shiraz, military commander, and renowned calligrapher.

• DĀVARĪ ŠĪRĀZĪ, Mīrzā Moḥammad

  ʿAbd-al-Wahhāb Nūrānī Weṣāl

  (b. Shiraz 1822-23, d. Shiraz, 1866), poet, calligrapher, and painter of some renown in Qajar Persia and a contemporary of Moḥammad Shah and Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah.

• MAḤALLĀTI, Moḥammad

  Javad Golmohammadi

  a master calligrapher of the Timurid period, known only through three surviving works on wood and stone (a cenotaph, a door, and a stone plaque), which reflect the stylistic influence of the Timurid prince and master calligrapher Ḡiāṯ-al-Din Bāysonqor (d. 1493).

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• SAḤĀB, ʿAbbās

  Firouz Firooznia

  Saḥāb made about seven hundred maps and atlases, many hand-drafted, originals of which are kept in the SGDI’s library. He closely supervised every project from the start to the end. Saḥāb’s devotion to his work and his love for the field made him travel to hundreds of settlement of Iran, sometimes on foot, to collect data.

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• ABŪ SAHL LAKŠAN

  Ḡ. Ḥ. Yūsofī

   official under the Ghaznavid amirs Maḥmūd (388-421/998-1030) and Masʿūd (421-32/1031-41).

• Great Britain xii. The Persian Community in Britain (2)

  Namdar Baghaei-Yazdi

  The Library for Iranian Studies in London was opened to members on 16 November 1991 and at that time the library consisted of a collection of 2,500 books and other publications.

• ʿALĪ B. SOLṬĀN-MOḤAMMAD

  A. Welch

  MĪRZĀ, a master painter of the early Safavid period.

• JONAYD-E NAQQĀŠ

  Barbara Brend

  a painter of the 14th century, known from one reference and one picture.

• ḤOSAYNIYA-YE MOŠIR

  Jean Calmard

  a ḥosayniya building in the Sang-e Siāh quarter of Shiraz, famous for its exquisite tile paintings.

• HAMGAR, MAJD-AL-DIN

  Ḏabiḥ-Allāh Ṣafā

  (1210-1287), MAJD-AL-DIN B. AḤMAD, known also as Ebn-e Hamgar (hamgar means “weaver”), an important poet of the 13th century.

• EBRĀHĪM MĪRZĀ

  Marianna S. Simpson

  (b. April 1540; d. 23 February 1577), Safavid prince, patron, artist, and poet generally referred to as Solṭān Ebrāhīm Mīrzā.

• AWṢĀF AL-AŠRĀF

  G. M. Wickens

  a short mystical-ethical work in Persian by Naṣīr-al-dīn Ṭūsī, written late in life, ca. 670/1271-72.

• ḤAYDAR ʿALI EṢFAHĀNI, Ḥājji Mirzā

  Moojan Momen

  (b. Isfahan, ca. 1830; d. Haifa, 1920), Bahāʾi polemicist.

• JAKKADI

  Maria Sabaye Moghaddam

  a dance style performed by Persian women, as documented in Sanskrit treatises of the 16th and 17th centuries.

• C~ CAPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS

  Cross-Reference

  list of all the figure and plate images in the letter C entries

• BĀBĀ ḤĀTEM

  A. S. Melikian-Chirvani

  11th-century mausoleum in northern Afghanistan, some 40 miles west of Balḵ. It follows the simple plan of the earliest Islamic mausoleums in the Iranian world—a single square room with a cupola resting on squinches.

• FORGERIES i. INTRODUCTION

  Abolala Soudavar

  Early in the Islamic era, Abū Rayḥān Bīrūnī described in his al-Aṯār al-bāqīa how emergent Islamic rulers of Persia had forged their lineage and invented connections with previous dynasties in order to affirm their own legitimacy.

• BĪDAR

  S. H. Qasemi

  city in the state of Karnataka, India, about 80 miles northwest of Hyderabad, and also the surrounding district. In the 15th-16th centuries, under the Bahmanid dynasty, Bīdar was an important center of Persian cultural influence in the Deccan.

• PILARAM, FARAMARZ

  Hengameh Fouladvand

  (1937-1983), a modernist artist, educator and among the founders of the Saqqā-ḵāna School of Art.

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• ʿABDALLĀH MORVĀRĪD

  P. P. Soucek

  (d. 1516), Timurid court official, poet, scribe, and musician.

• HADAF EDUCATIONAL GROUP

  Aḥmad Birašk

  (Goruh-e Farhangi-e Hadaf), a pioneering private educational complex founded in Tehran in 1949-50.

• ABŪ ZAYD B. MOḤAMMAD KĀŠĀNĪ

  O. Watson

  perhaps the single most important luster potter of Kāšān known to us. More signed and dated works (from 587/1191 to 616/1219) are known by him than by any other potter, and his signature occurs on a greater variety of wares, including both tiles and vessels.

• BAHRĀM MĪRZĀ

  P. Soucek

  (1517-49), youngest son of Shah Esmāʿīl, full brother of Shah Ṭahmāsb, who relied on his loyalty and military valor for assistance against both his internal and external enemies.

• AḤMAD MŪSĀ

  P. P. Soucek

  8th/14th century painter. 

• KALHOR, Mirzā Mohammad-Reżā

  Maryam Ekhtiar

  (1829-1892), one of the most prominent 19th-century Persian calligraphers, often compared to such great masters of nastaʿliq as Mir ʿAli Heravi and Mir ʿEmād Sayfi Qazvini.

• DĀNEŠ, TAQĪ

  Īraj Afšār

  (b. Tabrīz, 1861, d. Tehran 24 February 1948), poet and govern­ment official.

• MAJD-AL-MOLK II

  M. Dabirsiāqi

  Majd-al-Molk was a learned man with a knowledge of Persian and Arabic literature. He was knowledgeable in philosophy and religious sciences and was an expert in calligraphy, engraving, and all kinds of secretarial craft. As a poet, he followed the style of past masters. Samples of his poetry mentioned by Ebrāhim Khan Madāyeḥnegār.

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• SIĀH-QALAM

  Bernard O'Kane

  “black pen” (1) the genre of paintings or drawings done in pen and ink; (2) the painters of such drawings.

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• HAFEZ xiii. - xiv. HAFEZ’S TOMB (ḤĀFEẒIYA)

  Kuros Kamali Sarvestani

  The Hafeziya is located south of the Koran Gate (Darvāza-ye Qorʾān) on the northern edge of Shiraz. It is on the site of the famous Golgašt-e Moṣallā, the pleasure ground often mentioned in the poems of Hafez.

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• GOL O BOLBOL

  Layla S. Diba

  lit. “rose and nightingale,” a popular literary and decorative theme. Together, rose and nightingale are the types of beloved and lover par excellence; the rose is beautiful, proud, and often cruel, while the nightingale sings endlessly of his longing and devotion.

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• I~ CAPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS

  Cross-Reference

  list of all the figure and plate images in the letter I entries.

• EBN AL-FOWAṬĪ, KAMĀL-AL-DĪN ʿABD-AL-RAZZĀQ

  Charles Melville

  (1244-1323), b. Aḥmad, librarian and historian.

• ḠĪĀṮ BEG, ʿEʿTEMĀD-AL-DAWLA

  Mehrdad Shokoohy

  or Gīāṯ-al-Dīn Moḥammad Tehrānī (d. 1622), prime minister of the Mughal emperor Jahāngīr and father of the emperor’s wife, Nūr Jahān.

• HONAR O MARDOM

  Nassereddin Parvin

  a monthly magazine published by the General Office of Fine Arts in the Ministry of Education, 1957, 1962-79.

• SODIQI MUNŠI, Mirzo

  Keith Hitchins

  Tajik poet (d. 1819). Little is known of his life and career.

• ḤASAN BEG RUMLU

  Sh. Quinn

  (b. 1530-31), author of Aḥsan al-tawāriḵ and a cavalryman (qurči) of the Rumlu Turkman tribe of qezelbāš during the reign of Shah Ṭahmāsb Ṣafawi.

• NAWWĀB ŠIRĀZI, ʿALI-AKBAR

  Manṣur Rastegār Fasāʾi

  (1773-1847), a scholar, author, and poet also known by the pen-name Besmel.

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• KASHAN v. ARCHITECTURE (3) TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE

  Mohammad- Reza Haeri and EIr.

  In line with the trend towards modernization in Iran’s recent history, most residential houses built by the middle classes in Kashan since 1950 comprise all or some of the following units: entrance, courtyard, living room, reception room, kitchen, lavatory, bath, bedroom, storage, staircase, and hall.

• BANĀʾĪ HERAVĪ

  Z. Safa

  (1453-1512), KAMĀL-AL-DĪN ŠĪR-ʿALĪ, noted poet at various courts of Persia and Transoxania.