Table of Contents

  • PANDIYĀT-E JAVĀNMARDI

    Farhad Daftary

    a Nezāri Ismaʿili book originally written in Persian and containing the sermons or religious admonitions to the true believers, seeking exemplary standards of ethical behavior and spiritual chivalry.

  • PANJIKANT

    Boris I. Marshak

    Sogdian city, the ruins of which are located south of present-day Panjakent in western Tajikistan. Archeological excavations show that this city, situated on the rim of a high terrace overlooking a well irrigated valley, was founded in the 5th century C.E. and was inhabited until the 770s.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.
  • PAPER

    Multiple Authors

    writing material invented in China that spread throughout Asia and to Iran in the pre-Islamic period.

  • PAPER i. Paper in the Iranian World Prior to Printing

    Jonathan Bloom

    its use in Iran prior to the introduction of printing.

  • PAPER ii. Paper and Papermaking

    Willem Floor

    In the 16th and 17th centuries, paper production took place in Persia in Isfahan, Yazd, and Kerman, and in the 18th century probably in Rasht. In the 19th century it is known to have taken place in Tehran, Isfahan, Kerman, and Mashad.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.
  • PARI

    Cross-Reference

    “fairy.” See  PAIRIKĀ.

  • PARIḴĀN ḴĀNOM

    Manučehr Pārsādust

    (1548-1578), the second daughter of Shah Ṭahmāsp I, a politically influential and colorful figure at the Safavid court.

  • PARMENIO

    Ernst Badian

    (b. ca. 400 BCE, d. 330 BCE); probably from mountainous Upper Macedonia, he became Philip II’s most successful general.

  • PARSI COMMUNITIES i. EARLY HISTORY

    John R. Hinnells

    The creation of a Parsi settlement in India was the outcome of the migration of Zoroastrian refugees from their original homeland in medieval Islamic Persia.

  • PARSI COMMUNITIES ii. IN CALCUTTA

    Jesse S. Palsetia

    Calcutta became a center of Parsi settlement from the 18th century. Dadabhoy Behramji Banaji is recorded as the first Parsi to have come to Calcutta from Surat in western India in 1767.