Table of Contents
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ČAIŠPIŠ
Cross-Reference
See ČIŠPIŠ.
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CAITYAPRADAKṢIṆĀGĀTHĀ
Ronald E. Emmerick
lit. “the song (Skt. gāthā) about circumambulating (Skt. pradakṣiṇā) a holy place (Skt. caitya),” the title of a Buddhist text, a Khotanese version of which is extant.
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ČAK
Willem Floor
legal document, testament, money draft, check.
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ČAḴĀNSŪR
Daniel Balland
principal town of the large Ḵāšrūd delta oasis in northeastern Sīstān.
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ČĀKAR
Etienne de la Vaissiere
personal soldier-retainer of the nobility in pre-Islamic Central Asia.
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ČAKAR
Mansour Shaki
a Middle Persian legal term denoting a widow who at the death of her “authorized” (pādixšāyīhā) husband without issue was obliged to enter into a levirate marriage (čakarīh) in order to provide him with male offspring (frazand).
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ČAKĀVAK
Hūšang Aʿlam, Hūšang Aʿlam
(Mid. Pers. čakōk). i. The lark. ii. A melody in Persian music.
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ČAKZĪ
Cross-Reference
See ACƎKZĪ.
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ČĀL
Ehsan Yarshater
Like most Persian villages, Čāl had several quarters (maḥallas), but the major division was between Upper and Lower Čāl (locally Gali-kiá and Jarina-ma:la, respectively), with some local variation between the dialects, for instance, Upper Čāli berbinden “to cut,” veškenja “sparrow,” nāngun “pinch” versus Lower Čāli bervinden, meškenja, and nāngur.
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ČĀL TARḴĀN
Jens Kröger
(Čāl Tarḵān-ʿEšqābād), a site about 20 km southeast of Ray with remains from the late Sasanian and early Islamic periods.