Table of Contents
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CORMICK, JOHN
Kamran Ekbal and Lutz Richter-Bernburg
one of the first English surgeons to work in Persia and personal physician to the crown prince ʿAbbās Mīrzā.
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CORMICK, WILLIAM
Moojan Momen
(b. Tabrīz 1822, d. Tabrīz 25 Ḏu’l-ḥejja 1294/30 December 1877), a British physician in Tabrīz.
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CORN
Cross-Reference
See ḎORRAT.
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CORNELIAN CHERRY
Hūšang Aʿlam
the male cornel tree, a dogwood shrub with edible berries.
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CORONATION
A. Shapur Shahbazi
in ancient Iran, the ceremonial act of investing a ruler with a crown.
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CORPSE
Mary Boyce
disposal of, in Zoroastrianism; in Zoroastrianism the corpse of a righteous believer was held to be the greatest source of pollution in the world, as the death of such a one represented a triumph for evil, whose forces were thought to be gathered there in strength.
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CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM IRANICARUM
Nicholas Sims-Williams
(C.I.I.), an association devoted to the collection and publication of Iranian inscriptions and documents.
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CORRESPONDENCE
Multiple Authors
Correspondence i. In pre-Islamic Persia, ii. In Islamic Persia, iii. Forms of opening and closing, address, and signature, and iv. On the subcontinent of India.
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CORRESPONDENCE i. In pre-Islamic Persia
Aḥmad Tafażżolī
There is no information about correspondence in Median times, except for a fictitiously paraphrased letter from Cyrus to Cyaxares that began “Cyrus to Cyaxares, greeting!”
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CORRESPONDENCE ii. In Islamic Persia
Fatḥ-Allāh Mojtabāʾī
In Islamic Persia letter writing (Ar.-Pers. tarassol < Ar. r-s-l “to send”) developed into a genre of great literary, historical, and social importance.
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CORRESPONDENCE iii. Forms of opening and closing, address, and signature
Hashem Rajabzadeh
In this article the parts of the Persian letter are surveyed section by section, with comments on the general features, style, and stock formulas characteristic of each from early Islamic times to the present.
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CORRESPONDENCE iv. On the subcontinent of India
Momin Mohiuddin
The chancellery of official and diplomatic correspondence was an organ of Indian Muslim political organization. At various times it was known as dīvān-e resālat,dīvānal-enšāʾ, dīvānal-rasāʾel, or dār al-enšāʾ.
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ČORTKA
Yaḥyā Ḏokāʾ
(or čortaka, čotka < Russ. schëty “abacus”), an ancient calculation device, a rectangle strung with parallel metal wires along which clay, metal, or wooden beads can be moved.
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ČORŪM
Cross-Reference
See ČERĀM.
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CORVÉE
Cross-Reference
See BĪGĀR.
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CORVIDAE
Cross-Reference
See CROW.
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COSMETICS
This article is based on information provided by Žāla Mottaḥedīn and Eqbāl Yaḡmāʾī.
preparations for personal beautification, in Persian tradition used mainly by women on special occasions.
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COSMOGONY AND COSMOLOGY
Multiple Authors
theories of the origins and structure of the universe.
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COSMOGONY AND COSMOLOGY i. In Zoroastrianism/Mazdaism
Philip G. Kreyenbroek
The “orthodox” myth. The extant Avesta contains no systematic exposition of the cosmological beliefs of the people among whom it was composed and who eventually brought Zoroastrianism to western Iran.
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COSMOGONY AND COSMOLOGY ii. In Mithraism
Roger Beck
That Mithraism had an elaborate cosmology, central to its doctrines, is proven first by the structure of its cult shrines (mithraea), which took the form of caves (real or artificial). As Porphyry (6) stated, the cave is an “image of the cosmos.”
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