Table of Contents

  • ČAHĀR AYMĀQ

    Cross-Reference

    See AYMĀQ.

  • ČAHĀR BĀḠ

    Cross-Reference

    See ČAHĀRBĀḠ.

  • ČAHĀR DOWLĪ

    Pierre Oberling

    (Davālī), or ČĀR DOWLĪ, a tribe of western Iran.

  • ČAHĀR LANG

    cross-reference

    (ČĀR LANG). See BAḴTĪĀRĪ TRIBE i.

  • ČAHĀR MAḤĀ(L) WA BAḴTĪĀRĪ

    Eckart Ehlers and Hūšang Kešāvarz

    second smallest province (ostān) of Persia in area, located in the Zagros mountains of southwestern Persia.

  • ČAHĀR MAQĀLA

    Ḡolām-Ḥosayn Yūsofī

    persian prose work written in the 6th/12th century by Abu’l-Ḥasan Neẓām-al-­Dīn (or Najm-al-Dīn) Aḥmad b. ʿOmar b. ʿAlī Neẓāmī ʿArūżī Samarqandī, originally entitled Majmaʿ al-nawāder.

  • ČAHĀR ONṢOR

    Sharif Husain Qasemi

    (Four elements), an autobiographical work in prose by the poet and Sufi Abu’l-Maʿānī Mīrzā ʿAbd-al-Qāder Bīdel.

  • ČAHĀR-BAYTI

    Cross-Reference

    See DO-BAYTI.

  • ČAHĀRBĀḠ

    David Stronach

    lit. “four gardens,” a rectangular garden divided by paths or waterways into four symmetrical sections.

  • ČAHĀRBĀḠ-E EṢFAHĀN

    Roger M. Savory

    the name of a broad avenue which was a key feature of the city of Isfahan as replanned by Shah ʿAbbās I after he had designated the city the new capital of the Safavid state in 1006/1597-98.

  • ČAHĀRBĀḠ-E GARRŪS

    Moḥammad Dabīrsīāqī

    (ČĀRBĀḠ-E GARRŪS), a park no longer in existence in the south of the town of Bījār, center of Garrūs šahrestān in Persian Kurdistan.

  • ČAHĀRBĀḠ-E MAŠHAD

    Ḡolām-Ḥosayn Yūsofī

    name of a royal garden and palace at Mašhad; under the Qajars and up to the present time it has been the name of an old quarter in the city.

  • ČAHĀRDAH MAʿṢŪM

    Hamid Algar

    the fourteen inerrant or immaculate personages venerated by Twelver Shiʿites, i.e., the Prophet Moḥammad, his daughter Fāṭema, and the twelve imams.

  • ČAHĀRGĀH

    Bruno Nettl

    the name of one of the twelve dastgāhs (modes) of traditional Persian music in the 14th/20th century.

  • ČAHĀRJŪY

    Cross-reference

    See ĀMOL.

  • ČAHĀRMEŻRĀB

    Jean During

    a genre of traditional rhythmic instrumental music.

  • ČAHĀRŠANBA-SŪRĪ

    Manouchehr Kasheff and ʿAlī-Akbar Saʿīdī Sīrjānī

    (usually pronounced Čāršamba-sūrī), the last Wednesday of the Persian solar year, the eve of which is marked by special customs and rituals, most notably jumping over fire.

  • ČAHĀRṬĀQ

    Dietrich Huff, Bernard O’Kane

    literally “four arches,” a modern term for an equilateral architectural unit consisting of four arches or short barrel vaults between four corner piers, with a dome on squinches over the central square. this unit became the most prominent element in traditional Iranian architecture after the ayvān.

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  • ČAHĀRTĀR

    Jean During

    (lit. four-strings), a musical instrument belonging to the family of long-necked lutes.

  • ČAHRĪQ

    Amir Hassanpour, Juan R. I. Cole

    a dehestān, village, and fortress in Salmās (Šāhpūr in the Pahlavi period) šahrestān in Azerbaijan between Ḵᵛoy and Urmia.